我國“蔥姜蒜”機械化仍是短板

2018-06-26 08:57:33 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：24142 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 蔥姜蒜作為重要的經(jīng)濟作物，不僅是餐桌上不可缺少的食材，同時也是農(nóng)民增收的重要來源。隨著近年來各地蔥姜蒜種植面積不斷擴大，蔥姜蒜生產(chǎn)機械化也得到了一定發(fā)展。各地努力突破生產(chǎn)瓶頸，加快推進機械化覆蓋經(jīng)濟作物生產(chǎn)各個環(huán)節(jié)，促進蔥農(nóng)蒜農(nóng)增產(chǎn)增收，目前已取得一定成效。
 
　　山西：大蔥生產(chǎn)機械化取得零突破
 
　　為了深入推進農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，加快蔬菜生產(chǎn)機械化進程，進一步構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代蔬菜機械化生產(chǎn)體系，補齊農(nóng)機化發(fā)展短板，2018年山西省從大蔥生產(chǎn)機械化發(fā)力，實現(xiàn)大蔥生產(chǎn)機械化的零突破。
 
　　據(jù)了解，傳統(tǒng)大蔥生產(chǎn)人工作業(yè)，費時費工，難以規(guī)?；?、產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。相關部門通過大量實地調(diào)研，引進各類先進適用、功能齊全、操作方便的裝備，逐步突破大蔥機械化生產(chǎn)中的瓶頸。特別是種植和收獲環(huán)節(jié)。今年，山西省站已在曲沃、萬榮兩縣建立2個大蔥生產(chǎn)機械化試驗示范區(qū)，示范區(qū)面積400畝，大力開展大蔥生產(chǎn)機械化技術試驗示范工作。目前已引進大蔥精量播種機、開溝培土機、移栽機、收獲機等9臺，并組織了現(xiàn)場觀摩演示活動，完成移栽作業(yè)80畝。
 
　　下半年，山西省農(nóng)機推廣總站將組織項目縣圍繞“兩全兩高”，搞好引進裝備的數(shù)據(jù)采集和試驗驗證工作，研究探索一套適合當?shù)氐拇笫[機械化生產(chǎn)技術模式，積累技術和經(jīng)驗，為全省蔬菜機械化發(fā)展起到示范作用。
 
　　山東：“金鄉(xiāng)大蒜”已實現(xiàn)全程機械化
 
　　據(jù)了解，山東省農(nóng)機局與省財政廳聯(lián)合，在全國啟動實施了“農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計劃”，先后確立了大蒜種植、收獲等24個研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計劃項目。山東省里還將在購機補貼、研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計劃上對大蒜等特色經(jīng)濟作物機械進行重點支持。
 
　　目前，大蒜產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)形成了以金鄉(xiāng)為中心的全國大蒜種植、儲藏、加工、出口集散地，“金鄉(xiāng)大蒜”作為中國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中外，產(chǎn)品出口168個國家和地區(qū)，出口總量占全國的70%以上，單項農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口創(chuàng)匯居。在金鄉(xiāng)縣，大蒜行業(yè)從種植、田間植保、收獲到分選、加工均實現(xiàn)了機械化操作。
 
　　“下一步，我們將在組織實施大蒜生產(chǎn)全程機械化創(chuàng)新示范工程項目，大力培育新型農(nóng)機經(jīng)營服務主體，規(guī)范落實農(nóng)機強農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策，做好智慧農(nóng)機信息服務平臺建設，培養(yǎng)一批新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民等方面做出努力，推進大蒜全程機械化向前發(fā)展。”金鄉(xiāng)縣農(nóng)業(yè)機械管理局局長劉明亮說。
 
　　浙江嘉興：生姜深加工助農(nóng)民增收
 
　　生姜是浙江嘉興市新豐鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)業(yè)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)，也是近年來農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)重要的品類方向。南湖區(qū)生姜技術協(xié)會會長姚金林說，今年該鎮(zhèn)生姜種植面積11600畝，約占全鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)種植面積的四分之一。今年新豐生姜每畝產(chǎn)量800公斤左右，預計姜農(nóng)總收入可達1.2億元，利潤大約有8000萬元。據(jù)悉，新豐鎮(zhèn)的生姜出自兩棚三膜種植模式，這種模式經(jīng)過5年多的試種，今年開始大面積種植，今年這種模式種植面積達1610畝，比去年多了800畝。
 
　　目前，全鎮(zhèn)共有生姜深加工企業(yè)20家，采用兩棚三膜種植模式可延長收獲期至120天，讓市民在元旦前后也能吃到新鮮生姜，同時也能滿足企業(yè)深加工的原料需求。據(jù)悉，有了今年這樣的生姜產(chǎn)量，這些加工企業(yè)有望賺到2500萬元左右。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　當前人工勞動成本居高不下、市場行情變幻莫測，在當前形勢下，大力推廣蔥姜蒜全程機械化是有效降低經(jīng)營成本、對抗市場風險、保障農(nóng)民利益的重要措施，同時也是促進農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟增長、實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的有效舉措?？傮w來看，我國蔥姜蒜等經(jīng)濟作物生產(chǎn)機械化尚未全面普及，目前仍然是行業(yè)熱點和發(fā)展短板。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：山西省農(nóng)機局、農(nóng)機化導報、錢江晚報，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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