2019年我國(guó)早稻產(chǎn)量2627萬(wàn)噸

———國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局農(nóng)村司統(tǒng)計(jì)師黃秉信解讀2019年早稻生產(chǎn)情況
2019-09-25 10:10:22 來(lái)源：國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局 閱讀量：20342 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局發(fā)布的全國(guó)早稻生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，全國(guó)早稻總產(chǎn)量2627萬(wàn)噸(525億斤)，比2018年減少232.5萬(wàn)噸(46.5億斤)，下降8.1%。2019年全國(guó)早稻、夏糧合計(jì)總產(chǎn)量16801萬(wàn)噸(3360億斤)，比2018年增加60.6萬(wàn)噸(12.1億斤)，增長(zhǎng)0.4%。今年早稻生產(chǎn)的主要特點(diǎn)是播種面積減少、單產(chǎn)降低。
 
　　一方面早稻播種面積繼續(xù)減少。今年早稻播種面積4450千公頃(6675萬(wàn)畝)，比2018年減少341.3千公頃(512.0萬(wàn)畝)，下降7.1%。由于播種面積減少導(dǎo)致全國(guó)早稻產(chǎn)量減少203.7萬(wàn)噸(40.7億斤)，占早稻減產(chǎn)總量的87.6%。
 
　　早稻播種面積減少的原因主要有：一是各地積極推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，適當(dāng)調(diào)減低質(zhì)低效早稻種植，改種單季稻或其他特色經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。二是由于早稻種植比較效益低，加之“雙搶”勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力不足，部分農(nóng)戶選擇“雙季稻改單季稻”等。三是早稻播種移栽期間，湖南、江西、廣東等地陰雨寡照天氣影響春播進(jìn)度，致使部分地區(qū)早稻播種面積減少。
 
　　另一方面早稻單產(chǎn)略有降低。今年早稻單產(chǎn)為5902公斤/公頃(393公斤/畝)，比2018年減少64.8公斤/公頃(4.3公斤/畝)，下降1.1%。早稻單產(chǎn)雖較上年有所降低，但仍屬歷史第二高。由于單產(chǎn)降低影響全國(guó)早稻產(chǎn)量減少28.8萬(wàn)噸(5.8億斤)，占早稻減產(chǎn)總量的12.4%。
 
　　單產(chǎn)減少的主要原因是早稻生長(zhǎng)期間農(nóng)業(yè)氣象條件整體偏差。一是早稻移栽返青期間，湖南、廣東等地降水偏多，日照較少，早稻個(gè)體發(fā)育較弱。二是拔節(jié)抽穗期間，早稻主產(chǎn)區(qū)遭遇持續(xù)降雨，不利于早稻揚(yáng)花授粉，局部地區(qū)稻穗結(jié)實(shí)率降低。三是灌漿收獲期間，江南及華南地區(qū)遭受連續(xù)降雨天氣，部分地區(qū)早稻田塊遭受不同程度洪澇災(zāi)害，不僅不利于早稻灌漿和成熟收曬，還造成品質(zhì)下降。
 
　　由于早稻產(chǎn)量?jī)H占全年糧食產(chǎn)量的4%左右，早稻產(chǎn)量減少對(duì)全年糧食產(chǎn)量影響有限。

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