青海省多舉措加快農(nóng)機推廣步伐

2019-10-24 14:45:52 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：38068 評論

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】

       省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站組織開展地膜油菜機械化收獲試驗
 
　　9月30日—10月16日，青海省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站在湟中縣李家山鄉(xiāng)張莊村、互助縣卓扎灘開展了地膜油菜機收獲試驗。試驗分別對20000株/畝、25000株/畝、30000株/畝、35000株/畝地膜油菜試驗田油菜植株高度、分枝度、分枝數(shù)、結(jié)莢高度、枝角莢數(shù)、角粒數(shù)、籽粒直徑、植株直徑、角莢成熟度、畝產(chǎn)量、籽粒千粒重等數(shù)據(jù)行了采集。試驗中對油菜機械化聯(lián)合收獲中的機體損失、脫粒損失、夾帶損失等進行了現(xiàn)場測試。試驗旨在通過對比不同種植密度下的綜合損失(包括機體損失、夾帶損失、脫粒損失、未成熟損失)及機聯(lián)合收獲難易程度等，找出產(chǎn)量佳、損失少、易于機械化收獲的地膜油菜種植密度及種植工藝，促進青海省膜油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，提高農(nóng)牧民收入。
 
　　省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站組織開展馬鈴薯殘地膜機械化回收試驗
 
　　10月12日—17日，青海省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站組織專業(yè)技術(shù)人員分別在互助縣丹麻鎮(zhèn)、湟中縣多巴鎮(zhèn)開展了馬鈴薯殘地膜機械化回收試驗。試驗分別就5家企業(yè)7種機型8臺殘膜回收機進行了拾凈率、纏膜率、生產(chǎn)效率、作業(yè)成本等數(shù)據(jù)采集。并就0.01mm、0.015mm、0.018mm三種不同厚度的地膜進行機械化回收作業(yè)效果對比測試，以及對膜上覆土與不覆土馬鈴薯種植模式的作業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)試驗等。
 
　　試驗旨在測試、比對不同機型、不同厚度地膜、不同種植模式的殘膜機械化回收作業(yè)效果，選型出適合青海的殘膜回收機具及地膜馬鈴薯種植工藝，促進青海省殘膜機械化技術(shù)發(fā)展，提高殘地膜回收利用率，減少白色污染。
 
　　舉辦畜禽養(yǎng)殖糞污資源化利用、農(nóng)牧業(yè)循環(huán)發(fā)展培訓(xùn)班
 
　　為提高州(市)、縣農(nóng)牧人員業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)，加快青海省草牧業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，由省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳畜牧業(yè)處主辦，省畜牧總站承辦的“畜禽養(yǎng)殖糞污資源化利用、農(nóng)牧業(yè)循環(huán)發(fā)展培訓(xùn)班”于2019年10年16日—10月18日在甘肅臨夏縣舉行。廳畜牧業(yè)處、省畜牧總站、省大通種牛場、省三角城種羊場、省三江集團以及2市4州22縣農(nóng)牧局技術(shù)人員參加了培訓(xùn)。
 
　　培訓(xùn)期間，分別組織參訓(xùn)人員前往甘肅省臨夏州東鄉(xiāng)縣、廣河縣實地參觀學(xué)習(xí)東鄉(xiāng)縣果園鄉(xiāng)利平養(yǎng)殖場、文奎養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)合作社，廣河縣騰源牛羊養(yǎng)殖農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社、廣盛產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司、伊澤苑牛羊養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)合作社畜禽糞水利用技術(shù)以及玉米青貯、利用等技術(shù)。并邀請專家就畜禽糞便好氧堆肥、畜禽糞便還田技術(shù)等方面為大家進行授課。
 
　　通過技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和實地觀摩學(xué)習(xí)，參訓(xùn)的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員學(xué)習(xí)到了畜禽糞便資源利用的新技術(shù)，統(tǒng)一了認(rèn)識，進一步明確了工作目標(biāo)。
 
　　創(chuàng)新燕麥飼草機械化烘干技術(shù)
 
　　10月15日，青海省燕麥飼草機械化烘干技術(shù)現(xiàn)場展示會在海北州門源縣召開。青海省飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺邀請了中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)、青海大學(xué)等高校及行業(yè)部門10余位專家現(xiàn)場為當(dāng)?shù)仫暡菁庸て髽I(yè)傳經(jīng)送寶、答疑解惑，為提升青海草產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展水平獻計獻策。
 
　　近年來，青海省飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺凝聚科研、教學(xué)、推廣、生產(chǎn)及草產(chǎn)品加工等方面技術(shù)力量，不斷加快草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技成果的轉(zhuǎn)化研發(fā)步伐，幫助發(fā)展草產(chǎn)業(yè)的縣區(qū)實現(xiàn)了從飼草種植到草產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)加工，從研發(fā)到市場的有機銜接。目前，該平臺已對接縣區(qū)16個，建成飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺基地11個。
 
　　青海省飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺專家徐成體介紹說，經(jīng)過多年的努力，平臺選育出適宜青海不同地區(qū)種植的牧草品種20余個，通過主導(dǎo)品種推介工作，使牧草種植良種率從2012年的70%提高到2018年的92%。同時，飼草栽培、加工技術(shù)在對接縣區(qū)的使用率達到98%以上，全面推動了青海草產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。
 
　　青海是我國燕麥飼草的主產(chǎn)區(qū)，年種植面積穩(wěn)定在150萬畝以上，具有良好的資源優(yōu)勢。但是，高寒地區(qū)燕麥飼草收獲期適逢秋雨連綿時期，來不及收獲的飼草霉?fàn)€問題十分嚴(yán)重。自然攤曬方式下，飼草營養(yǎng)流失嚴(yán)重，粗蛋白等營養(yǎng)成分的保存率只有40-50%，以致生產(chǎn)出的草產(chǎn)品品相差、質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，且價值難提升。
 
　　為有效解決草產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問題，青海省飼草產(chǎn)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新平臺在開展關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)的同時，從國家牧草產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系引進相關(guān)技術(shù)進行在地化熟化，2015年7月，全國首套燕麥飼草機械干燥設(shè)備于落戶青海省飼草平臺門源驗示范基地(門源縣富源青高原草業(yè))。經(jīng)過幾年的努力，該基地已實現(xiàn)年產(chǎn)燕麥烘干草1500噸以上。
 
　　“機械干燥比自然晾曬各項指標(biāo)都有顯著提升，技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量達到了國內(nèi)先進水平。從數(shù)據(jù)上看，燕麥烘干草的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和可溶性碳水化合物的保存率可達85%以上，蛋白含量達8.59%，可溶性碳水化合物含量為23.61g/100g，品質(zhì)達到澳洲燕麥鉆石級別。”徐成體說。
 
　　國家牧草產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系機械崗位專家、中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)教授王德成表示，在高寒地區(qū)開展飼草機械化干燥技術(shù)研究是一種創(chuàng)舉，它打破了以往飼草生產(chǎn)的傳統(tǒng)理念和方式，是農(nóng)機與農(nóng)藝相結(jié)合的有效體現(xiàn)，燕麥干燥的門源模式”值得借鑒與推廣。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：青海省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳青海省農(nóng)牧機械推廣站，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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