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我國夏糧生產(chǎn)再獲豐收 產(chǎn)量增加120.8萬噸

—————國家統(tǒng)計局農(nóng)村司司長李鎖強(qiáng)解讀夏糧生產(chǎn)情況
2020-07-16 08:57:39 來源:國家統(tǒng)計局 閱讀量:22729 評論

導(dǎo)讀: 國家統(tǒng)計局公布的全國夏糧生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2020年全國夏糧總產(chǎn)量14281萬噸(2856億斤),比2019年增加120.8萬噸(24.2億斤),增長0.9%。其中小麥產(chǎn)量13168萬噸(2634億斤),比2019年增加75.6萬噸(15.1億斤),增長0.6%。2020年夏糧播種面積略減,但單產(chǎn)有所提高,全國夏糧生產(chǎn)再獲豐收,產(chǎn)量創(chuàng)歷史新高。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 國家統(tǒng)計局公布的全國夏糧生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2020年全國夏糧總產(chǎn)量14281萬噸(2856億斤),比2019年增加120.8萬噸(24.2億斤),增長0.9%。其中小麥產(chǎn)量13168萬噸(2634億斤),比2019年增加75.6萬噸(15.1億斤),增長0.6%。2020年夏糧播種面積略減,但單產(chǎn)有所提高,全國夏糧生產(chǎn)再獲豐收,產(chǎn)量創(chuàng)歷史新高。
 
  一、夏糧面積穩(wěn)中略減
 
  2020年全國夏糧播種面積26172千公頃(39259萬畝),比2019年減少181.6千公頃(272.4萬畝),下降0.7%。其中小麥播種面積22711千公頃(34066萬畝),比2019年減少273.5千公頃(410.2萬畝),下降1.2%。
 
  夏糧播種面積減少的主要原因:一是農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革進(jìn)一步深入,秋冬播種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整優(yōu)化。受市場需求和種植效益等因素影響,一些夏糧主產(chǎn)區(qū)主動擴(kuò)種蔬菜、油菜籽等經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,適當(dāng)調(diào)減小麥播種面積。二是華北平原地下水超采區(qū)季節(jié)性休耕制度推廣實(shí)施,相關(guān)地區(qū)主動調(diào)減小麥播種面積。為進(jìn)一步提高耕地質(zhì)量,推進(jìn)藏糧于地戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,近年來我國在華北平原一些地區(qū)將季節(jié)性休耕制度與地下水超采綜合治理相結(jié)合,實(shí)行“一季休耕、一季種植”種植模式。比如河北省在地下水超采區(qū)廊坊、保定、邯鄲和雄安新區(qū)等47個縣(市)組織實(shí)施季節(jié)性休耕限采措施,冬小麥播種面積減少較多。
 
  二、單產(chǎn)提高支撐夏糧實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)
 
  全國夏糧單位面積產(chǎn)量5456.5公斤/公頃(363.8公斤/畝),比2019年增加83.4公斤/公頃(5.6公斤/畝),增長1.6%。其中小麥單位面積產(chǎn)量5798.0公斤/公頃(386.5公斤/畝),比2019年增加101.9公斤/公頃(6.8公斤/畝),增長1.8%。
 
  夏糧單產(chǎn)提高的主要原因:一是氣候條件總體有利,小麥整體長勢良好。冬小麥播種期間,主產(chǎn)區(qū)大部地區(qū)底墑充足,小麥基本能夠一播全苗,出苗質(zhì)量較高;越冬期間,麥區(qū)溫度偏高,墑情適宜,實(shí)現(xiàn)壯苗安全越冬,分蘗充足;返青拔節(jié)和孕穗抽穗期,各地光溫水條件總體適宜,一、二類苗占比普遍高于上年同期;灌漿成熟期,以晴好天氣為主,晝夜溫差大,利于小麥干物質(zhì)積累和品質(zhì)提高,特別是收獲時沒有出現(xiàn)高溫干熟和持續(xù)陰雨,確保了夏糧順利歸倉。從現(xiàn)場查株數(shù)粒情況看,今年冬小麥畝穗數(shù)普遍多于上年,穗粒數(shù)與上年基本持平。二是田間管理加強(qiáng),后期病蟲害得到有效控制。針對暖冬氣候會導(dǎo)致小麥后期條銹病和赤霉病易發(fā)多發(fā)特點(diǎn),各地及早制定防控預(yù)案,開展監(jiān)測預(yù)警,加大資金投入,加強(qiáng)小麥后期“一噴三防”專業(yè)化服務(wù),有效防控病蟲害,沒有對小麥產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)造成大的危害。盡管新冠肺炎疫情對小麥返青期間田間管理、農(nóng)資供應(yīng)等產(chǎn)生一定影響,但后期各地加強(qiáng)了農(nóng)資調(diào)運(yùn)和小麥田間管理,總體看疫情對小麥生產(chǎn)未產(chǎn)生大的影響。
 
  2020年夏糧生產(chǎn)再獲豐收,奠定了穩(wěn)定全年糧食生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ),為繼續(xù)扎實(shí)做好“六穩(wěn)”工作、全面落實(shí)“六保”任務(wù)增強(qiáng)了信心,為全面建成小康社會、打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)了基礎(chǔ)。
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