#新疆棉花#揭秘新疆棉花機械化發(fā)展真相

2021-03-26 16:30:22 來源：農機網原創(chuàng) 作者：sydneylulu 閱讀量：47570 評論

　　【農機網 編輯視角】近期，關于各大媒體廣泛關注與傳播的某企業(yè)惡意抵制“新疆棉花”熱聞，引起國人共憤。對于新疆“強迫勞動”的謠言，筆者認為非?；闹嚒?br /> 
　　我們來看看新疆棉花種植面積大概有多少？
 
　　如今新疆棉花平均畝產已經達到了每畝275斤，連續(xù)26年位居全國第一。據不完全統(tǒng)計，新疆棉花面積3703萬畝，一師220萬畝，二師70萬畝，五師95萬畝，六師180萬畝，七師176萬畝，石河子382萬畝，昌吉洲230.1萬畝，沙灣180萬畝，烏蘇171.5萬畝，博州142.19萬畝，阿克蘇地區(qū)750萬畝，巴州地區(qū)330萬畝。(數據來源：新疆統(tǒng)計局 中商產業(yè)研究院)
 
　　看到這組數據，你可能毫無概念，這么多棉花是供不應求還是供過于求？
 
　　新疆棉花夠我國使用嗎？
 
　　近日，據央視新聞，作為世界最大棉花消費國、第二大棉花生產國，我國2020/2021年度棉花產量約595萬噸，總需求量約780萬噸，年度缺口約185萬噸。其中，新疆棉產量520萬噸，占國內產量比重約87%，占國內消費比重約67%。
 
　　看到這組數據，明顯表明新疆棉花根本不夠我國使用。新疆長絨棉，世界頂級，做衣被，暖和、透氣、舒適，長年供不應求。
 
　　供不應求是否和機械化水平不夠有關？
 
　　事實上，因為人工摘花價格越來越高，所以這幾年新疆棉花逐步轉向機械化采摘。在北疆地區(qū)，棉花的種植和采收機械化水平達到了97%。在人工智能的條件下，目前無人機已經參與到了棉花的種植中。南疆的機械化水平，根據2020年的數據，也已經達到了40%。
 
　　早在上世紀50年代，我國就開始引進和開發(fā)機采棉技術，1996年以后新疆生產建設兵團開始進行機采棉的系統(tǒng)推進，2001年起機采棉進入大面積推廣階段。伴隨國家對農機購置補貼的跟進，2008年新疆農機局開始對采棉機進行補貼，2009年新疆地方開始使用采棉機。
 
　　據了解，現在新疆最大的產棉區(qū)——阿拉爾，絕大多數都是機械化采棉，一個幾十畝的地塊，一兩個小時就可以采摘完成，效率非常高。
 
　　近年來新疆棉花在機械化、規(guī)?；确矫嬉呀涀咴诹巳珖傲?，2019年新疆棉機收的比例就已經達到了42%。
 
　　發(fā)展棉花機械化：采棉機實力擔當
 
　　機械化采棉是棉花產業(yè)發(fā)展的必然方向，棉花是我國農業(yè)發(fā)展的重要經濟作物之一,采棉機是棉花機械化采收的重要工具,其發(fā)展水平是反應我國農業(yè)機械化發(fā)展的一個重要指標.近幾年來,我國棉花采收質量有了明顯增長,采棉機發(fā)揮很重要的作用。
 
　　采棉機行業(yè)屬于我國棉花種植全程機械化的短板和薄弱行業(yè)，長期以來被外資品牌占據，近年來伴隨國內企業(yè)實現技術突破，取得突飛猛進的發(fā)展。2018年以來采棉機行業(yè)出現供不應求，國產采棉機應用也得到快速增長。
 
　　當下，發(fā)展機采棉還有很長的路要走。機采棉并不是單純指機械采收的棉花，而是涉及到棉花品種選育、栽培技術、田間管理、化學藥劑脫葉等等一系列環(huán)節(jié)的系統(tǒng)工程，需要科研人員和棉農的共同努力。

       不信謠，不傳謠，支持新疆棉花！

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