重慶開展油菜機械化壟作壟收技術(shù)實驗測產(chǎn)活動

2021-05-20 09:19:44 來源：重慶市梁平區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村委員會 閱讀量：13878 評論

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 5月8日至10日，重慶市農(nóng)機總站會同市農(nóng)技總站、市農(nóng)機研究所、區(qū)科技局、區(qū)農(nóng)技中心及農(nóng)機站等單位有關(guān)專家，經(jīng)過3天鏖戰(zhàn)，在梁平區(qū)聚奎鎮(zhèn)進行油菜寬壟間距機械化壟作壟收技術(shù)實驗現(xiàn)場測產(chǎn)，平均畝產(chǎn)達141.2kg，較2020年全市平均畝產(chǎn)增長6.8%，較以往大面積油菜聯(lián)合機收損失降低6個百分點。創(chuàng)新試驗達到預期目的，效果良好。為提高油菜種植效益、推動油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供了新的技術(shù)路徑。
 
　　據(jù)市農(nóng)機總站李尚專家介紹：“重慶市油菜生產(chǎn)一直面臨排澇不暢、聯(lián)合機收損失嚴重、農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝融合不夠、種植效益低等問題，嚴重制約了油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。如何在不增加種植成本基礎(chǔ)上解決這些突出共性問題，重慶市農(nóng)機總站提出了《油菜寬壟間距機械化壟作壟收技術(shù)方案》，主要有三個方面創(chuàng)新：一是寬壟間距設(shè)計，有效解決排澇和避免壟間油菜技角相互纏繞拉扯；二是壟作壟收設(shè)計，根據(jù)收割機割臺幅寬設(shè)計壟廂寬度，實現(xiàn)規(guī)范種植、對壟收割、降低機收損失；三是無須安裝豎割刀聯(lián)合機收，收割機不安裝豎割刀可大大降低縱向切割產(chǎn)生的油菜角果崩裂損失，同時可降低機具成本”。
 
　　測產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場，沉甸甸的油菜角鋪滿田間，試驗田按照創(chuàng)新技術(shù)方案要求，設(shè)計成2米寬壟面，40cm、50cm兩種壟溝寬度，相鄰壟間邊行油菜相距分別達65cm、75cm，壟上按25cm×15cm行株距密植，保障每畝有效株密度達2萬株以上，確保穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)。
 
　　本次機收損失測量中創(chuàng)新探索了“切莖定莖測量法”——在選定樣本區(qū)內(nèi)將竹條(長度大于壟面寬度)鋪放在壟面上，用自鎖式尼龍扎帶將油菜根部莖稈固定在雙層竹條架上，油菜根部莖稈貼地面用電動剪切割，再抬升竹架將整塊布鋪放在樣本區(qū)種植面上，收獲機收割后，收集掉落到布面上的油菜籽粒進行統(tǒng)計測算。該創(chuàng)新方法在全國屬提出，較之前全國試驗過的收集泥土水沖法、氣吸法、鋪布條莢布條法(無序撒播無法實現(xiàn))、鋼槽收集法等更加方便精準。
 
　　油菜寬壟間距機械化壟作壟收創(chuàng)新技術(shù)在全國提出，試驗設(shè)計構(gòu)想得到了市內(nèi)同行有關(guān)領(lǐng)導專家的認可。下一步，梁平區(qū)將在市農(nóng)機總站指導下進一步擴大試驗規(guī)模，不斷探索完善該項技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，爭取為我市油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)增產(chǎn)增效增添新路徑。

上一篇： 安徽省特色作物（菊花）機械化移栽試驗在阜陽市潁泉區(qū)實施

下一篇：安徽省丘陵山區(qū)暨經(jīng)特作物機械化技術(shù)演示研訓活動在金寨縣舉辦

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