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【本期關(guān)注】河南洪澇災(zāi)害會(huì)影響小麥和玉米價(jià)格嗎?

2021-08-04 17:12:39 來(lái)源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量:48943 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:總體來(lái)說(shuō),這次河南暴雨洪澇災(zāi)害對(duì)糧食市場(chǎng)的影響是局部的、短期的,對(duì)我國(guó)糧食生產(chǎn)供給全局影響較為有限。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】 近期河南地區(qū)的洪澇災(zāi)害造成當(dāng)?shù)夭糠值貐^(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重,河南省作為糧食大省,是秋糧的主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一。當(dāng)前,河南地區(qū)災(zāi)后重建正在穩(wěn)步進(jìn)行中,而此次災(zāi)害對(duì)糧食市場(chǎng)的影響也是很多人關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。那么,小麥、玉米等主糧會(huì)因?yàn)?zāi)情而漲價(jià)嗎?二者當(dāng)前的價(jià)格走勢(shì)是怎樣的?
 
  首先,關(guān)于小麥,在此次洪澇發(fā)生前,全國(guó)小麥已完成收割,且產(chǎn)量再創(chuàng)歷史新高:今年全國(guó)夏糧總產(chǎn)量14582萬(wàn)噸(2916億斤),比2020年增加296.7萬(wàn)噸(59.3億斤),增長(zhǎng)2.1%。其中小麥產(chǎn)量13434萬(wàn)噸(2687億斤),比2020年增加258.9萬(wàn)噸(51.8億斤),增長(zhǎng)2.0%。
 
  在小麥?zhǔn)斋@基本完成后,7月份進(jìn)入了小麥購(gòu)銷高峰期,市場(chǎng)購(gòu)銷兩旺,收購(gòu)進(jìn)度與去年同期相比基本正常。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示,由于今年小麥豐收,加之庫(kù)存處于高位,小麥價(jià)格將保持基本穩(wěn)定,大漲大跌的可能性都不大。今年小麥單產(chǎn)高、品質(zhì)好,市場(chǎng)購(gòu)銷活躍,開(kāi)秤初期收購(gòu)價(jià)每斤普遍比去年高1毛錢(qián)左右,之后隨著上市量的增加,農(nóng)戶售糧進(jìn)度加快,市場(chǎng)收購(gòu)價(jià)穩(wěn)中略跌。此次鄭州、新鄉(xiāng)等地發(fā)生強(qiáng)降雨災(zāi)害之后,部分農(nóng)戶和貿(mào)易商手中的糧食保管難度加大,售糧意愿加強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致小麥價(jià)格繼續(xù)走弱,但跌幅不明顯。據(jù)調(diào)度,7月26日主產(chǎn)區(qū)普通小麥?zhǔn)召?gòu)均價(jià)約每斤1.25元,較受災(zāi)前跌1分錢(qián)左右。截至7月25日,主產(chǎn)區(qū)小麥累計(jì)收購(gòu)4004.3萬(wàn)噸。
 
  
 

 

 

圖表:2020年7月-2021年7月全國(guó)小麥?zhǔn)召?gòu)價(jià)(數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部)
 
  關(guān)于玉米,由于當(dāng)前正值玉米生長(zhǎng)期,因此此次河南災(zāi)害對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)赜衩咨a(chǎn)有一定影響。根據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),此次河南全省農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)1450萬(wàn)畝,成災(zāi)940萬(wàn)畝、絕收550萬(wàn)畝。受災(zāi)區(qū)主要集中在新鄉(xiāng)、周口、開(kāi)封、安陽(yáng)、焦作、鶴壁、鄭州等地,受災(zāi)作物主要是秋糧作物:玉米、花生和大豆。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在7月30日的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示目前已排出農(nóng)田積水1190萬(wàn)畝,改種補(bǔ)種15萬(wàn)畝,災(zāi)后病蟲(chóng)防控240萬(wàn)畝,追施肥100多萬(wàn)畝,接下來(lái)也會(huì)加大幫扶力度,盡快恢復(fù)災(zāi)后農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),努力將災(zāi)害損失降到最低。
 
  玉米價(jià)格方面,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示,受災(zāi)情影響局部地區(qū)小幅上漲,全國(guó)市場(chǎng)變化不大。由于去年以來(lái),玉米價(jià)格漲幅較大,受到市場(chǎng)各方高度關(guān)注,從今年6月份開(kāi)始,隨著供給偏緊的局面緩和,玉米價(jià)格高位回落。河南等地暴雨災(zāi)害發(fā)生后,市場(chǎng)擔(dān)心玉米生產(chǎn)供給受影響,華北部分地區(qū)價(jià)格短期內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了小幅反彈,收購(gòu)價(jià)每斤上漲2-3分錢(qián),但并沒(méi)有帶動(dòng)全國(guó)玉米價(jià)格上漲。7月26日全國(guó)玉米收購(gòu)均價(jià)約每斤1.3元,仍然保持基本穩(wěn)定。
 

 

2020年7月-2021年7月全國(guó)玉米收購(gòu)價(jià)(數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部)
 
  總體來(lái)說(shuō),這次河南暴雨洪澇災(zāi)害對(duì)糧食市場(chǎng)的影響是局部的、短期的,對(duì)我國(guó)糧食生產(chǎn)供給全局影響較為有限。今年我國(guó)夏糧已經(jīng)豐收到手,秋糧長(zhǎng)勢(shì)總體較好,再加上糧食庫(kù)存總量充足,糧食保供穩(wěn)價(jià)基礎(chǔ)牢固,后期糧價(jià)有望繼續(xù)以穩(wěn)為主。
 
  值得注意的是,由于夏季高溫多雨,糧食不好保管,當(dāng)前又處于面粉需求淡季,低品質(zhì)小麥價(jià)格可能會(huì)持續(xù)走弱,在此提醒受災(zāi)地區(qū)部分手中仍然有余糧的農(nóng)戶和貿(mào)易商要做好科學(xué)儲(chǔ)糧,及時(shí)有序售糧,防止糧食受潮霉變和價(jià)格下跌帶來(lái)?yè)p失。
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