秋收掃尾防霜凍│霜降時(shí)節(jié)農(nóng)事活動(dòng)

2021-10-23 09:51:20 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：39019 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 今天是二十四節(jié)氣之一的霜降，也是秋季的最后一個(gè)節(jié)氣。進(jìn)入霜降節(jié)氣后，冷空氣活動(dòng)愈加頻繁，晝夜溫差變大。
 
　　霜和霜凍是兩個(gè)不同的概念。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，秋季出現(xiàn)的次霜稱為初霜，初霜越早對(duì)農(nóng)作物的危害越大。我國(guó)各地初霜是自北向南、自高原向平原逐漸推遲的。而霜凍則是指由于溫度驟降而引起的作物凍害現(xiàn)象，其致害溫度因作物、品種和生育期的不同而異。植株體內(nèi)的液體因霜凍而結(jié)成冰晶，蛋白質(zhì)沉淀，細(xì)胞內(nèi)的水分外滲，使原生質(zhì)嚴(yán)重脫水而變質(zhì)。因此，也有說(shuō)“霜降殺百草”，但其實(shí)真正危害農(nóng)作物的是“凍”而非“霜”。
 
　　霜降時(shí)節(jié)，北方大部分地區(qū)已在秋收掃尾，此時(shí)要注意防霜凍，要適時(shí)早種，錯(cuò)開(kāi)晚秋霜凍時(shí)期。而南方卻是“三秋”大忙季節(jié)，單季雜交稻、晚稻才在收割，種早茬麥，栽早茬油菜；摘棉花，拔除棉秸，耕翻整地。收獲后的地，還要及時(shí)把秸稈、根茬等收回來(lái)，避免潛藏的越冬蟲(chóng)卵和病菌。
 
　　霜降對(duì)于棉花價(jià)格來(lái)說(shuō)是一道分水嶺。這是由于霜后的棉花基本比霜前要低1元左右，霜前棉花質(zhì)量要好于霜后，棉農(nóng)都盡量在霜降之前將棉花收獲然后賣掉。(有關(guān)國(guó)產(chǎn)采棉機(jī)盤(pán)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊閱讀：白色“花海”演奏豐收樂(lè)章，國(guó)產(chǎn)采棉機(jī)蒸蒸日上)
 
　　蔬菜管理方面，華北地區(qū)大白菜即將收獲，要加強(qiáng)后期管理，長(zhǎng)江中下游及以南的地區(qū)對(duì)于冬麥和油菜應(yīng)及時(shí)間苗定苗，中耕除草，預(yù)防蚜蟲(chóng)侵害。另外，使用大棚可在更大程度上保護(hù)農(nóng)作物不受霜凍傷害。大棚不僅可以抵御自然災(zāi)害、抗旱澇，還可以提早或者延后栽培，延長(zhǎng)農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)期，達(dá)到早熟、晚熟、增產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的目的。在霜降時(shí)節(jié)，秋季大棚菜如番茄、黃瓜、茄子、辣椒等喜溫性作物要加強(qiáng)保溫防寒，并適時(shí)澆水和及時(shí)采收;芹菜、生菜、油菜、蘿卜等耐寒性蔬菜要加強(qiáng)澆水、防蟲(chóng)等管理工作。
 
　　這個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)防霜措施有:①適時(shí)早種，錯(cuò)開(kāi)晚秋霜凍;②選用早熟高產(chǎn)品種;③澆水,因?yàn)楦赏帘葷裢辽峥?④熏 煙，可在小范圍內(nèi)形成保溫云層，減輕凍害;⑤鋤地，“鋤頭有火” ，可提高地溫;⑥施腐植酸鈉或磷肥，使作物提前成熟。試驗(yàn)證明:施于山藥、玉米、糜谷，可提前成熟5-7天;⑦植樹(shù)造林，它可調(diào)節(jié)氣溫，徹底改變環(huán)境。
 
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