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噴灌效率提高25倍！省農(nóng)科院這項技術(shù)獲節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)科技二等獎

2021-10-25 11:16:44 來源：浙江省農(nóng)科院 閱讀量：16697 評論

導讀：10月15日，在第三屆全國農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水和農(nóng)村供水發(fā)展高峰論壇2020-2021年度農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水科技獎頒獎大會上，浙江省農(nóng)科院環(huán)境資源與土壤肥料研究所設(shè)施蔬菜水肥一體化系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化及技術(shù)模式創(chuàng)新應用項目組喜獲“節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)科技二等獎”。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】10月15日，在第三屆全國農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水和農(nóng)村供水發(fā)展高峰論壇2020-2021年度農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水科技獎頒獎大會上，浙江省農(nóng)科院環(huán)境資源與土壤肥料研究所設(shè)施蔬菜水肥一體化系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化及技術(shù)模式創(chuàng)新應用項目組喜獲“節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)科技二等獎”。
 
　　該項目的主要完成單位包括浙江省農(nóng)科院、浙江省耕地質(zhì)量與肥料管理總站、蘭溪市雨龍農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施技術(shù)服務有限公司。
 
　　| 陳喜靖研究員代表團隊受獎，并作“設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)水肥一體化系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化和技術(shù)模式創(chuàng)新應用”專題學術(shù)報告
 
　　浙江省雖地處南方，但素有“七山一水二分田”之稱，水資源比較匱乏。人均水資源只有2000m³左右，僅為世界人均水平的1/4，屬國際公認的中度缺水地區(qū)。廣大的丘陵山地缺乏灌溉條件，海濱海島缺少淡水資源，河網(wǎng)平原存在水質(zhì)性、結(jié)構(gòu)性缺水，低丘紅壤存在嚴重的季節(jié)性干旱，設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)又阻隔了對雨水的直接利用，進而影響水肥一體化技術(shù)的應用和推廣。同時，目前水肥一體化技術(shù)的應用還不夠成熟，存在缺乏靈活施肥設(shè)備、標準化技術(shù)指導、依據(jù)不同的應用條件提供可選的施肥模式等問題。
 
蘭溪枇杷園 | 測量土壤水分
 
　　為解決上述問題，項目組首先針對南方濕潤地區(qū)雨水豐富，但缺乏高效雨水收集方法的問題，定義了“集雨模數(shù)”，創(chuàng)建了集雨容積模數(shù)與集雨量預測關(guān)系模型。在年降雨量1207～2028 mm下測算表明，模型預測精確度受年降雨量影響不顯著，可廣泛應用于我國南方各地。
 
　　通過模型精確計算，采用邊蓄邊用措施，在集雨容積模數(shù)為100 mm時，水池復蓄次數(shù)達11，集雨率達70%，而以往設(shè)計的集雨池復蓄次數(shù)一般只有3-4左右。
 
嘉興蔬菜基地 | 調(diào)試便攜式施肥器
 
　　通過便攜式施肥器，項目組解決了小單元以及規(guī)?；喔认到y(tǒng)中部分施肥及補充施肥困難問題。同時，推出肥水分線供應，提高了肥料供應均勻度；使用多管同步移動微噴，實現(xiàn)了多管整體移動，灌溉均勻度提高10%左右，1600平方米連棟大棚噴灌效率提高25倍；創(chuàng)建了適用于不同使用條件的半程、全程水肥一體化技術(shù)模式。
 
麗水市蓮都區(qū)番茄種植基地 | 文丘里施肥器使用方法
 
麗水水肥一體化現(xiàn)場會 | 灌溉施肥設(shè)備和使用方法技術(shù)指導
 
　　近年來，該項目成果在肥藥雙減、有機替代、污染控制等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，在全省被廣泛推廣：2015年被列入浙江省重點推廣的種植業(yè)“五大”技術(shù)之一；2019—2021連續(xù)三年被列為浙江省主推技術(shù)；獲2020-2021年度神農(nóng)中華農(nóng)業(yè)科技三等獎等。
 
　　此外，項目組積極開展對新疆、青海、西藏的水肥一體化技術(shù)援助工作，獲得行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一致好評。
 
| 環(huán)境資源與土壤肥料研究所水肥一體化團隊
 
　　供稿 | 環(huán)境資源與土壤肥料研究所
 
　　編輯 | 陳路漫
 
　　責編 | 江英華
 
　　審核 | 胡高潔、王夏君

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