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保障“菜籃子”平穩(wěn)供應(yīng)，蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化腳步加快

2021-11-12 17:21:08 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：49156 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：目前，我國蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化已由起步轉(zhuǎn)入快速發(fā)展的新階段。在探索蔬菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化解決方案、推進(jìn)蔬菜機(jī)械化發(fā)展方面，各地都取得了一些積極進(jìn)展。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 近期，全國多地蔬菜價(jià)格上漲明顯。網(wǎng)友紛紛表示：“菠菜太貴了，一斤漲到了12元”、“不少才比肉還貴”，#多地蔬菜1斤漲破10元#、#蔬菜為什么這么貴#等話題也登上了熱搜。那么為什么蔬菜突然漲價(jià)了？該如何保障蔬菜平穩(wěn)供應(yīng)讓菜農(nóng)和消費(fèi)者都滿意？
 

 

　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，近期監(jiān)測的28種蔬菜10月份批發(fā)均價(jià)是每公斤5.25元，環(huán)比漲16.7%，同比漲11.7%，漲幅大于常年同期，尤其是菠菜、生菜這些葉類菜上漲更為明顯。負(fù)責(zé)人表示漲價(jià)原因主要包括四方面：
 
　　一是災(zāi)害性天氣導(dǎo)致上市量有所減少。9月以來，北方地區(qū)遭遇秋汛和洪澇災(zāi)害，一方面造成農(nóng)田過濕，部分田塊出現(xiàn)積水，導(dǎo)致蔬菜受災(zāi)200多萬畝；另一方面，持續(xù)低溫、寡照，導(dǎo)致光合作用下降，蔬菜生長發(fā)育受阻，甚至落花落果。二是農(nóng)資價(jià)格上漲增加了生產(chǎn)成本。今年以來，化肥、農(nóng)藥等農(nóng)資價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲，抬高了蔬菜的生產(chǎn)成本。三是運(yùn)輸流通成本明顯增加。由于北方蔬菜受災(zāi)導(dǎo)致茬口銜接不暢，部分品種跨區(qū)調(diào)運(yùn)增多，運(yùn)距拉長，再加上汽油、柴油價(jià)格上漲，帶動(dòng)了運(yùn)輸成本明顯增加。四是一些北方設(shè)施蔬菜主產(chǎn)省電力供應(yīng)不足，也影響了蔬菜集約化育苗和工廠化生產(chǎn)。此外，個(gè)別地區(qū)疫情點(diǎn)狀散發(fā)，也增加了產(chǎn)銷銜接的難度。
 
　　我國是蔬菜大國，每年蔬菜產(chǎn)量達(dá)7億噸以上，但是蔬菜生產(chǎn)作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)多、工藝復(fù)雜，是勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，人工成本占比較大，生產(chǎn)效率較低。因此，要保證蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)健康平穩(wěn)發(fā)展，就必須轉(zhuǎn)變產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方式，提高蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平，這樣才能提高蔬菜生產(chǎn)效率，并引導(dǎo)推動(dòng)蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)走向規(guī)?；?biāo)準(zhǔn)化，從而保障蔬菜平穩(wěn)供應(yīng)，減少市場上蔬菜大幅漲跌的情況。
 
　　不同于已基本實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化的主糧作物，蔬菜由于品類繁多、生產(chǎn)工藝復(fù)雜、種植分散，其整體機(jī)械化程度非常低，如蔥、姜、蒜類蔬菜施肥環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化水平僅為40%左右，植保和移栽環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化作業(yè)水平不足10%；大蒜播種環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化水平不足5%，大蔥機(jī)械播種率30%左右；大蔥、大蒜、洋蔥收獲環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化水平不足20%，生姜機(jī)械化收獲水平不足10%。
 
　　專家認(rèn)為，加快推進(jìn)蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化已成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急，必須抓住蔬菜生產(chǎn)中的主要環(huán)節(jié)重點(diǎn)突破，引進(jìn)、篩選、示范與推廣同步進(jìn)行。
 
　　目前，我國蔬菜生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化已由起步轉(zhuǎn)入快速發(fā)展的新階段。在探索蔬菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化解決方案、推進(jìn)蔬菜機(jī)械化發(fā)展方面，各地都取得了一些積極進(jìn)展。
 
　　為進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)齊蔬菜生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)械化短板，推進(jìn)蔬菜全程機(jī)械化，助力鄉(xiāng)村振興和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站啟動(dòng)了首批蔬菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化示范工作，在全國布設(shè)了5個(gè)示范點(diǎn)。“山東蔥姜蒜辣椒等特色蔬菜生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)模式”示范點(diǎn)目前已落戶山東青島并取得了顯著成效。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站聯(lián)合青島市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心、青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)電工程學(xué)院等單位將依托青島市蔬菜作物全程機(jī)械化試驗(yàn)示范基地開展包括大蔥、大蒜、生姜、辣椒等特色蔬菜標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化耕整地、規(guī)范化種植、機(jī)械收獲等內(nèi)容。
 
　　為進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)都市現(xiàn)代綠色農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，近年來上海市蔬果生產(chǎn)“機(jī)器換人”步伐逐年加快。據(jù)悉，2020年上海全年蔬菜種植面積為126.3萬畝次，產(chǎn)量230萬噸(其中，綠葉菜產(chǎn)量119萬噸)，機(jī)耕作業(yè)率達(dá)70%。截至2020年，全市共購置蔬菜機(jī)械1350余臺(tái)，成功創(chuàng)建蔬菜生產(chǎn)“機(jī)器換人”示范基地18個(gè)，機(jī)械化水平總體達(dá)66.87%，生產(chǎn)效益大幅提高，有力推動(dòng)了傳統(tǒng)蔬菜種植模式的轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，為蔬菜的應(yīng)急保供發(fā)揮了積極作用。
 
　　部分資料來源于：青島市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心、上海三農(nóng)
 

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