【農(nóng)機(jī)小課堂】冬季拖拉機(jī)保養(yǎng)要點(diǎn)

2021-12-17 16:16:26 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：41106 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 冬季氣溫低，尤其是北方地區(qū)降雪寒冷，拖拉機(jī)如果不能正確存放、保養(yǎng)，再次使用時(shí)故障率會(huì)增加。做好拖拉機(jī)日常保養(yǎng)工作是使用拖拉機(jī)的一項(xiàng)重要措施，及時(shí)保養(yǎng)是拖拉機(jī)順利開展作業(yè)得前提條件
 
　　入冬前，要對拖拉機(jī)各部位進(jìn)行除垢、清洗、調(diào)整和潤滑，氣門間隙過大過小、噴油壓力不夠、供油時(shí)間過晚都會(huì)造成發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)困難。此外，還要對離合器、制動(dòng)器和操縱機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，確保拖拉機(jī)處于良好的技術(shù)狀態(tài)，為過冬打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　1、存放。有車庫是最好的，如果沒有，拖拉機(jī)要停在避風(fēng)處，加裝保溫被等。冷啟動(dòng)時(shí)，解除或切斷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與其他工作機(jī)件負(fù)荷，預(yù)熱油底殼機(jī)油，有的還需要預(yù)熱變速箱或后橋。啟動(dòng)時(shí)視情況可以踩下離合器啟動(dòng)，解除變速箱阻力。
 
　　2、電瓶。如果停駛時(shí)間長，電瓶應(yīng)拆卸，入庫保溫。一般蓄電池的使用壽命是三年，入冬時(shí)，最好提前更換，以防誤事。
 
　　3、冷卻水。未加防凍液的拖拉機(jī)，氣溫在4℃及其以下時(shí)，夜間停車和長時(shí)間熄火停放時(shí)，都應(yīng)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)冷卻水放盡。在放冷卻水時(shí)，要待水溫降到60℃以下時(shí)再放水，否則，容易造成機(jī)體或缸蓋等損壞。
 
　　4、機(jī)油、柴油的選擇。 拖拉機(jī)使用的柴油牌號(hào)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貧鉁囟ǎ阂话阕畹蜌鉁卦?至-5℃，則選用-10號(hào)柴油;最低氣溫在-10至-15℃，選用-20號(hào)柴油；當(dāng)最低氣溫不低于-30℃，選用-35號(hào)柴油；當(dāng)最低氣溫在-40℃左右的高寒區(qū)，應(yīng)當(dāng)選用-50號(hào)柴油。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冬季使用的機(jī)油粘度大，給潤滑和啟動(dòng)帶來困難，所以應(yīng)換上8號(hào)柴油機(jī)油；變速箱和后橋內(nèi)潤滑油，應(yīng)換上11號(hào)柴油機(jī)油，或者換上20號(hào)齒輪油。
 
　　5、預(yù)熱。嚴(yán)寒季節(jié)，拖拉機(jī)經(jīng)常會(huì)啟動(dòng)困難，因此，啟動(dòng)前要預(yù)熱。首先用80～90℃左右的熱水預(yù)熱機(jī)體。第一次不能用太熱的水，以免機(jī)體、缸蓋等部位正冷驟然遇高溫而被炸裂。加水時(shí)，打開放水開關(guān)，采用邊加熱水邊放水的方法，直到機(jī)體放水閥流出溫水為止，關(guān)上放水閥，加滿開水。氣溫特別寒冷時(shí)，還要對機(jī)油進(jìn)行預(yù)熱。把停車時(shí)放出的油底殼內(nèi)的機(jī)油盛在容器內(nèi)用熱水加溫后再注入油底殼，并搖轉(zhuǎn)曲軸數(shù)十圈，使各部分得到潤滑后再啟動(dòng)。嚴(yán)禁用明火烘烤發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
 
　　此外，還應(yīng)定期檢查機(jī)車。每月檢查拖拉機(jī)及零部件有無銹蝕、腐蝕、老化、變形等異常現(xiàn)象，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題應(yīng)及時(shí)排除；每兩個(gè)月應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸 10～15 轉(zhuǎn)，以防止內(nèi)部銹蝕。在需加注潤滑脂的潤滑部位，清除舊的潤滑脂，更換新的潤滑脂；每三個(gè)月應(yīng)將拖拉機(jī)啟動(dòng)低速行駛 20～30分鐘，檢查各部位有無不正常的現(xiàn)象；定期用干布擦拭蓄電池頂面灰塵，蓄電池即使不使用也會(huì)自行放電，根據(jù)蓄電池上指示燈情況，需充電時(shí)必須充電。
 
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