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今年春播新氣象：免耕播種設備獲廣泛應用

2022-05-07 13:57:57 來源：農機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：39122 評論

導讀：眼下，正值春耕春種的關鍵時節(jié)，免耕播種成為時下流行的播種方式。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 地方農機】據(jù)了解，免耕是區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)播耕的保護性耕作，使用機械代替原來的人工播種、施肥、耕地等步驟，降低了老百姓春耕成本，作業(yè)效果也有一定的保墑性，實現(xiàn)了保護性耕作，也提高了春耕生產工作效率。眼下，正值春耕春種的關鍵時節(jié)，免耕播種成為時下流行的播種方式。
 

 

　　吉林公主嶺——玉米主產區(qū)普遍采用“免耕播種”模式耕種
 
　　吉林省公主嶺市是我國重要的玉米種植地區(qū)，眼下這里已進入全面春耕階段。公主嶺市今年計劃農作物總播種面積471.8萬畝，其中普通玉米播種面積430萬畝。截至目前，全市的種子、化肥全部到戶，春播農機具也全部檢修完畢。
 
　　近幾年，當?shù)匾恢痹谕茝V“免耕播種”模式，今年這個模式被更普遍地采用。“免耕播種”模式就是在玉米的種植過程當中，將秸稈全部還田并覆蓋在地表，相當于給土地蓋了一層“被子”，保護珍貴的黑土。同時盡可能縮減耕作次數(shù)，田間生產環(huán)節(jié)全部實現(xiàn)機械化。
 
　　黑龍江哈爾濱——已完成3.2萬畝免耕少耕播種作業(yè)
 
　　2022年哈爾濱市計劃實施保護性耕作免耕少耕播種面積286萬畝，截至4月26日，哈市已有15個區(qū)縣(市)啟動免耕少耕播種作業(yè)，經省農機指揮平臺監(jiān)測作業(yè)面積已完成3.2萬畝。截至4月26日，哈市免耕播種機總量達到6281臺，安裝免耕播種作業(yè)監(jiān)測儀3084臺，免耕播種機保有量可確保完成全市286萬畝的計劃任務。
 
　　新疆博樂市——5萬畝免耕玉米開播
 
　　通過這幾年的推廣，越來越多種植戶開始接受免耕技術，今年新疆博爾塔拉州博樂市免耕玉米的首播面積超5萬畝。2009年，博樂市農機推廣站承擔了保護性耕作試驗示范推廣項目，經過連續(xù)11年的技術攻關，2019年，博樂市開始推廣免耕技術，當年全市耕作面積達到 3300畝，實現(xiàn)畝均產量1097.3公斤，比常規(guī)鋪膜種植畝增產121.3 公斤，畝節(jié)本增效達432元。如今，免耕玉米已經在博樂市種植了三年，實現(xiàn)連續(xù)三年增產。
 
　　江南鎮(zhèn)——出動免耕播種機160多臺
 
　　自5月1日起，延邊朝鮮族自治州敦化市江南鎮(zhèn)免耕播種作業(yè)已全面展開。截至目前，全鎮(zhèn)共出動免耕播種機160多臺，其中安裝遠程監(jiān)測設備的免耕播種機有144臺，已完成作業(yè)面積14000多畝。按照保護性耕作技術要求，大量秸稈覆蓋面積達5480多畝，部分秸稈覆蓋面積達6500多畝，少量秸稈覆蓋面積近800畝。
 
　　為更好地在全鎮(zhèn)推廣保護性耕作免耕播種作業(yè)技術，江南鎮(zhèn)綜合服務中心農機技術推廣站全體技術人員放棄節(jié)假日休息時間，下鄉(xiāng)進行技術指導，解決現(xiàn)場存在的問題，并通過江南鎮(zhèn)保護性耕作微信工作群，每天及時解答農戶在作業(yè)中出現(xiàn)的各種問題，確保保護性耕作免耕播種作業(yè)任務順利完成，為接下來的免耕播種作業(yè)打下良好基礎。
 
　　平原村——掀起免耕機播種高潮
 
　　近年來，內蒙古自治區(qū)興安盟轄突泉縣不斷加大保護性耕作推廣力度，讓不少種糧大戶看到了保護耕地帶來的“商機”。這幾天，突泉縣艷梁農業(yè)機械化種植合作社的農機手正駕駛拖拉機，牽引著免耕播種機在田里播種。只見拖拉機在鋪滿秸稈的土地上快速駛過，免耕播種機施肥、播種、覆土、鎮(zhèn)壓一氣呵成，整個田間地頭呈現(xiàn)出繁忙的春耕景象。
 
　　今年，合作社又新添置了2臺新型免耕播種機。據(jù)了解，該合作社從22號開始玉米播種，現(xiàn)在7臺免耕播種機同時運作，播種面積達1000多畝，預計5月10號播種完畢。截至目前，突泉縣艷梁農業(yè)機械化種植合作社共啟動14臺免耕播種機同時運作，玉米播種面積達8000多畝，帶動周邊農戶60余戶。
 
　　吳家窩堡村——免耕播種帶來新氣象
 
　　今年，吉林省松原市長嶺縣利發(fā)盛鎮(zhèn)春耕春播生產中，免耕技術、免耕設備的廣泛應用帶來了喜人新氣象、新動力。5月3日，利發(fā)盛鎮(zhèn)吳家窩堡村生機盎然、滿目皆景，勤勞忙碌的身影點綴其間，村民們正忙著玉米免耕播種施肥作業(yè)，村民協(xié)作有序，有的檢查設備、有的為免耕機添加肥料，田間地頭一派忙碌景象。
 
　　溫香鎮(zhèn)——大力推廣免耕技術
 
　　據(jù)了解，遼寧省鞍山市海城市溫香鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)政府開通了綠色通道，備足了種子、化肥，確保春耕生產不誤農時。去年秋收時，將玉米秸稈粉碎后直接還田，節(jié)省翻耕環(huán)節(jié)。隨著地溫上升，為提高播種效率，節(jié)省人力，采用免耕機播種。免耕機特點為直接播種，免耕免旋，出苗好，保墑情。自己承包了1000畝土地，全程采用免耕播種、施肥一體化作業(yè)，實現(xiàn)秸稈還田、免耕播種施肥、機械化收割的全程機械化作業(yè)。
 
　　注：本文由農機網(wǎng)(m.epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：延邊朝鮮族自治州農業(yè)機械管理技術總站、長嶺政務、央視財經、海城廣播電視臺、哈爾濱市農業(yè)農村局、新疆日報。

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