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“良種”配“良機”:高端智能農(nóng)機為“穩(wěn)糧擴豆”保駕護航

2022-05-23 11:52:23 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:39758 評論

導讀:如何提升大豆產(chǎn)能?不僅要有良田的保障,還要依靠良種、良機和良法。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】今年中央一號文件提出,大力實施大豆和油料產(chǎn)能提升工程。文件提出在黃淮海、西北、西南地區(qū)推廣玉米大豆帶狀復合種植。如何提升大豆產(chǎn)能?不僅要有良田的保障,還要依靠良種、良機和良法。黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學院大豆研究所二級研究員欒曉燕認為,要推動我國大豆育種技術突破,選育優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、耐密、多抗大豆品種,還要在大豆種植上實現(xiàn)標準化、規(guī)?;?、機械化。
 

 

  青島市——打造全市首個規(guī)模較大的大豆良種繁育基地
 
  《山東省“十四五”推進農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化規(guī)劃》中明確的重點任務之一,就是提升農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新能力,加快大中型、智能化、復合型農(nóng)業(yè)機械研發(fā)和應用,加強農(nóng)業(yè)機器人研發(fā)支持力度,開展農(nóng)業(yè)機械化示范創(chuàng)建和智慧農(nóng)機創(chuàng)新,推進“全程全面、高質(zhì)高效”農(nóng)業(yè)機械化。
 
  山東玉米大豆復合生產(chǎn)機械化整體水平較低。目前,山東將大豆玉米帶狀復合種植專用播種機納入農(nóng)機購置與應用補貼政策新產(chǎn)品試點,加大農(nóng)機購置補貼力度,播種行數(shù)為5行的播種機,最高補貼額為3300元;播種行數(shù)為6行以上的播種機,最高可獲得6500元補貼。
 
  近期,青島市農(nóng)技中心積極溝通協(xié)調(diào)、研究論證、精心篩選,成功促成青島勤耕農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社(海青基地)與全國最大的大豆種子生產(chǎn)企業(yè)——山東圣豐種業(yè)有限公司自主開展大豆新品種圣豆26繁種500畝商業(yè)合作,這是青島市首個規(guī)模較大的大豆良種繁育基地。
 
  據(jù)了解,青島勤耕農(nóng)機專業(yè)合作社成立于2008年,現(xiàn)有會員110多人,各類機械2000余臺套,農(nóng)機維修車間1000多平方米,固定資產(chǎn)2000多萬元,是一家綜合型社會化服務組織。合作社具有大豆種植經(jīng)驗,灌溉、倉儲、精選、種子包裝等設備齊全,可滿足良種生長、去雜去劣、單打單儲良種生產(chǎn)要求。
 
  下一步,青島市農(nóng)技中心將圍繞大豆產(chǎn)能提升,一是利用基地做好大豆良種繁育和大豆玉米帶狀復合種植大豆品種試驗,并做好技術指導;二是與本地種企如青島膠研種苗有限公司聯(lián)合開展大豆新品種預備試驗,根據(jù)試驗情況,做好大豆新品種審定申報;三是與農(nóng)業(yè)科研院所、大學、知名種企合作,利用優(yōu)異大豆種質(zhì)資源開展育種聯(lián)合攻關和技術交流,積極推進我市大豆產(chǎn)能提升工程順利實施。
 
  黑龍江——北大荒集團多措并舉保質(zhì)保量打贏“穩(wěn)糧擴豆”攻堅戰(zhàn)
 
  黑龍江大豆作為國家地理標志產(chǎn)品,是我國大豆產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的一張耀眼名片。日前,北大荒集團八五五農(nóng)場有限公司傳來捷報,高標準、高質(zhì)量完成了25.3萬畝大豆的播種任務,為大豆穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)奠定了扎實的基礎。
 
  據(jù)悉,該公司針對天氣的不確定性,因地制宜,播種、鎮(zhèn)壓、噴藥、中耕連續(xù)作業(yè),環(huán)環(huán)相扣不脫節(jié)。同時采用北斗衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)、精量播種等先進技術,多措并舉保質(zhì)保量打贏“穩(wěn)糧擴豆”攻堅戰(zhàn)。
 
  另悉,作為“稻改豆”試點單位,八五八農(nóng)場有限公司從更新“利器”——農(nóng)機裝備入手。公司第六管理區(qū)種植戶李書國今年把承包的530畝水田全部改為旱田種植大豆,在國家購機補貼政策的扶持下,他購置了全新的大馬力農(nóng)機和2BMQ型免耕氣吸式播種機,目前新機械設備調(diào)試完畢,正摩拳擦掌準備投入即將開始的春播生產(chǎn)中。
 
  據(jù)了解,牡丹江分公司今年將在八五〇、八五六、八五七、云山等8個農(nóng)場有限公司實施“稻改豆”面積18.8萬畝,通過采取統(tǒng)一訂購投入品、統(tǒng)一機械播種、統(tǒng)一田間管理、統(tǒng)一收獲、統(tǒng)一貯存運輸?shù)确绞?,將有效達到提高機械作業(yè)效率、降低生產(chǎn)成本、促進農(nóng)業(yè)種植節(jié)本增效、增產(chǎn)增收等目的。
 
  同時,八五五農(nóng)場有限公司立足國家級大豆良種繁育基地,正規(guī)劃建設智慧農(nóng)業(yè)數(shù)字云平臺,籌資購置高速插秧機、播種機等智能化、無人化農(nóng)機設備32臺(套),為兩臺新購進的紐荷蘭1404大馬力機械安裝無人駕駛導航系統(tǒng),并在大豆良種繁育基地規(guī)劃建設千畝無人農(nóng)場核心區(qū),探索覆蓋種、管、收、運、儲全過程的無人作業(yè)智能化管控模式,促進現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)基地提質(zhì)增效。
 
  呼倫貝爾——積極做好大豆擴種配套農(nóng)機具保障
 
  呼倫貝爾農(nóng)墾集團作為國家重要糧油生產(chǎn)基地,早計劃、早部署,搶抓農(nóng)時,有序推進,全面吹響備耕春播集結號。近年來,呼倫貝爾農(nóng)墾集團注重加強農(nóng)機服務中心規(guī)劃建設,著力構建集團農(nóng)機服務體系,結合農(nóng)機數(shù)字化、智能化、精準化需求,加快農(nóng)機服務中心農(nóng)機的更新?lián)Q代和選型配套步伐,推進農(nóng)機裝備與智能化、信息化融合,社會化服務能力和農(nóng)業(yè)信息化、智能化管理水平大大提升。
 
  呼倫貝爾農(nóng)墾集團計劃今年播種面積576萬畝,其中,大豆播種面積148萬畝以上。呼倫貝爾農(nóng)墾集團春耕生產(chǎn)動員部署大會要求,各級黨委要切實扛起糧食安全的政治責任,確保高標準、高質(zhì)量完成大豆、油菜各擴種30萬畝,大豆玉米帶狀復合種植5500畝的任務,同時通過加強高標準農(nóng)田建設、加強農(nóng)田水利建設,實施黑土地保護工程,為糧食豐產(chǎn)豐收奠定堅實基礎。
 
  格尼河農(nóng)牧場公司承擔大豆玉米帶狀復合種植任務2000畝,為確保大豆玉米帶狀復合種植技術高效推廣應用,該公司高度重視,積極做好配套農(nóng)機具保障,成立了由主管農(nóng)業(yè)的副總經(jīng)理親自掛帥的專業(yè)機械改造小組,帶領農(nóng)機技術人員對2臺進口伊諾羅斯播種機進行自主改裝,節(jié)省購買新設備資金約20余萬元,為完成2022年復合種植目標任務提供了堅實有力的機械化支撐。經(jīng)測試,改裝后的播種機從布局、行距、株距、排肥量調(diào)整等方面都達到技術要求,牽引車導航系統(tǒng)均已安裝完成。該公司還將在春播前后完成噴藥機和收割機等機械的改造,確保作物不僅能種得好,還要管得住,收得上。
 
  今年以來,呼倫貝爾農(nóng)墾集團選派12人次參加了由呼倫貝爾市舉辦的大豆玉米帶狀復合種植技術培訓班。對大豆玉米帶狀復合種植的背景、技術原理與優(yōu)勢、全程機械化要求、病蟲草害防控等關鍵技術進行深入學習。承擔大豆玉米帶狀復合種植任務的4家單位還提前做好專用機械的改裝和購置工作,為更好地完成大豆玉米帶狀復合種植面積示范推廣提供保障。
 
  注:本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(m.epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:青島市農(nóng)技中心、新華社、黑龍江日報、呼倫貝爾農(nóng)墾集團。
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