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補短板、強弱項，專家解讀林果業(yè)機械化未來發(fā)展

2022-07-07 10:16:31 來源：果蔬茶機械分會 閱讀量：19169 評論

導讀：7月4日上午，林果業(yè)機械化“補短板、強弱項”發(fā)展論壇在2022新疆農(nóng)業(yè)機械博覽會期間舉行。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 會展快訊】本次論壇由中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會、新疆生產(chǎn)建設兵團農(nóng)業(yè)機械化協(xié)會主辦，石河子大學、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)機械化技術推廣總站、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械學會、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)機流通協(xié)會協(xié)辦，中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會果蔬茶機械分會承辦，邀請了5位建樹頗豐、享有盛譽的專家共同探討，研究解決行業(yè)問題。
 
　　近年來我國林果業(yè)發(fā)展較為迅猛，在新疆如此，在全國也是如此，各式各樣的果品產(chǎn)銷兩旺，包括此前的一些奇花異果也走入尋常百姓之家，成為新的消費熱點。但是，林果業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式轉變、產(chǎn)業(yè)提質增效，還存在一些問題和制約。
 
　　正如中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會副秘書長、果蔬茶機械分會秘書長苑同寶在致辭中所講到的那樣，目前我國林果業(yè)面臨了一些矛盾，比如林果和糧食用地之間的矛盾，老果園和新模式之間的矛盾，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)與小農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)模式之間的矛盾。未來一段時間內，林果不能與糧食爭地，更多地要回到上山下灘(丘陵地、河灘地)的情況，宜機化條件相對平原來說更加復雜化，機械化生產(chǎn)還有很長的路要走。林果苗木定植以后一般要滿足10-15年左右的經(jīng)營預期，老果園建園之初的設計思路是勞動密集型的，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到機械化為主導的階段。新果園全新設計、一步到位，但是低矮郁閉老果園的改造難度很大，間伐提干是好辦法，但是種植群體接受起來、行動起來還需要一些時間。現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)是資本密集、知識密集的生產(chǎn)方式，智慧農(nóng)業(yè)、智能裝備的廣泛應用需要資本實力和知識水平，種植群體的小農(nóng)戶壓力很大，很容易出現(xiàn)跟不上節(jié)奏的問題。如何帶動小農(nóng)戶共同進入現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展軌道，需要農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務等多種措施并舉發(fā)力，還需要進一步研究落地推進的策略。林果業(yè)機械化如何補短板、強弱項，是當前生產(chǎn)過程的重要課題。
 
　　青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學機電工程學院尚書旗教授演講的題目是智慧果園機械化關鍵技術與產(chǎn)業(yè)化模式創(chuàng)新。他介紹了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對智慧果園機械的要求，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與果園生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的融合構建，智能化與全程機械化資源的優(yōu)化配置，套袋、觸土件、傾斜攝影技術、采摘平臺等技術的進展，以及智慧果園產(chǎn)業(yè)化模式的創(chuàng)新和體系的創(chuàng)建，為智慧果園的發(fā)展指明了一條具有可行性的道路。他的系統(tǒng)化的思考，尤其引起了大家的共鳴。
 
　　中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學工學院徐麗明教授演講的題目是北方露地栽培葡萄的冬季埋土、春季清土一體化技術，讓聽眾了解了露地葡萄“冬眠”和之后“復蘇”的技術要點。她介紹了國家葡萄產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系生產(chǎn)管理機械化團隊在避障刷子清土機、開溝筑埂機、避障式株間除草技術、殘枝粉碎還田技術、埋土鎮(zhèn)壓一體機械化技術、砂石撿拾收集機械化技術、自動駕駛變量噴藥技術等方面取得的成果，并表示5G技術、機器人、自主導航、無人駕駛、大數(shù)據(jù)、云平臺等新技術的融入是葡萄生產(chǎn)自動化、智能化的未來發(fā)展趨勢。
 
　　中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學農(nóng)業(yè)無人機系統(tǒng)研究院何雄奎教授講解了智慧果園的構建和應用。他介紹了國外智慧果園中傳感器、仿形技術等領域的最新進展，表示由于林果業(yè)涉及作物種類繁多，各地果園立地條件不一，量體裁衣的個性化定制模式是我國果園機械化未來發(fā)展的方向。從何雄奎教授的演講中聽眾了解了國內自2000年左右直至現(xiàn)在的技術進展，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、5G、大數(shù)據(jù)和自組網(wǎng)等技術目前已進入現(xiàn)代果園，并取得了一定的示范帶動作用。
 
　　西北農(nóng)林科技大學機械與電子工程學院楊福增教授演講的題目是蘋果采摘機器人關鍵技術研究和果園驗證。楊福增教授對坡地、山地農(nóng)機以及智能農(nóng)機和多體機器人技術都有非常前沿的研究并且成果頗豐，帶領團隊實現(xiàn)的視覺系統(tǒng)、采摘模式、控制方式、算法升級等蘋果采摘機器人關鍵技術進展令聽眾神往不已。
 
　　石河子大學機械電氣工程學院蒙賀偉教授講解了機械化生產(chǎn)技術裝備助推林果產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。通過蒙賀偉教授的演講，聽眾了解了新疆林果產(chǎn)業(yè)基本情況、典型區(qū)域種植模式、各類果園機械特點以及相關研究工作進展。他強調了標準化建園的重要性，正是由于果園建設標準化，為果園機械化提供了條件，進而促使果園機械化成為當前農(nóng)業(yè)機械化的熱點和潛力增長點。
 
　　當前，林果業(yè)在我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的重要性不言而喻。在促進農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方面，林果業(yè)猶如擎天玉柱；在保持脫貧成果、保障農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收方面，林果業(yè)好比架海金梁。中國農(nóng)業(yè)機械流通協(xié)會高度重視林果業(yè)機械化，專門成立了果蔬茶機械分會。近年來，從“云上”和線下的農(nóng)機地頭展、農(nóng)機云講堂和線下的講座論壇，到協(xié)會主辦的中國國際農(nóng)業(yè)機械展覽會上設立的果蔬茶機械專區(qū)，無不說明協(xié)會和分會在此方面大量卓有成效的工作。協(xié)會下一步將繼續(xù)開展此方面的相關工作，在10月份將于天津舉辦的2022中國國際農(nóng)業(yè)機械展覽會上，林果業(yè)機械的展覽展示和會議活動也將為濃墨重彩的一筆。
 

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