減損即增產(chǎn)！再生稻收獲機(jī)將獲持續(xù)改進(jìn)熟化及推廣應(yīng)用

2022-08-10 14:24:45 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：27814 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】再生稻是在一季稻成熟之后，大約只割下稻株的上2/3的部位，收取稻穗，留下下面的1/3植株和根系，施肥和培育，讓其再長(zhǎng)出的一季稻谷。由于再生稻無(wú)需經(jīng)歷育秧、插秧等冗長(zhǎng)繁重的勞動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)，管理相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，米質(zhì)、口感、營(yíng)養(yǎng)又較中稻更受人們青睞，因此，大力發(fā)展再生稻是增加糧食產(chǎn)量，促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增產(chǎn)增收的有效途徑。
 
　　隨著科技的進(jìn)步，近年來(lái)我國(guó)再生稻畝產(chǎn)從過(guò)去的幾十公斤提高到數(shù)百公斤，再生稻產(chǎn)業(yè)在一些地方得到較快發(fā)展，已成為增加優(yōu)質(zhì)糧食供給、助力農(nóng)民增收、保障糧食安全的特色產(chǎn)業(yè)。再生稻作為一次播種、兩季收獲的一種水稻栽培方式，目前我國(guó)部分地區(qū)已經(jīng)逐步推廣這種新種植模式，全國(guó)種植面積已超1200萬(wàn)畝。
 
　　在再生稻的頭季稻使用收割機(jī)收獲，以取代傳統(tǒng)人工收割，其節(jié)本增效優(yōu)勢(shì)顯著。然而，機(jī)收再生稻的產(chǎn)量卻不盡人意，研究表明，使用現(xiàn)行主流機(jī)械，頭季稻機(jī)械收割比人工收割的再生稻平均減產(chǎn)20.52%。
 
　　機(jī)收再生稻為何會(huì)減產(chǎn)？
 
　　目前，限制機(jī)收再生稻產(chǎn)量主要有三大難題，即適宜機(jī)收強(qiáng)再生力品種少、再生季腋芽萌發(fā)率低、機(jī)收碾壓減產(chǎn)嚴(yán)重。
 
　　目前再生稻收獲主要采用常規(guī)履帶式全喂入谷物聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)，頭季收獲綜合碾壓高，留茬成活率低，嚴(yán)重影響再生季產(chǎn)量，缺乏成熟的再生稻專用收獲機(jī)已成為制約再生稻快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵瓶頸。
 
　　根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司部署，2022年7月27日—30日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站、湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院開(kāi)展再生稻收獲機(jī)作業(yè)效果綜合測(cè)評(píng)，
 
　　針對(duì)再生稻頭茬稻收獲碾壓率高、影響再生季產(chǎn)量的問(wèn)題，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站起草了《再生稻收獲機(jī)作業(yè)效果綜合測(cè)評(píng)辦法》，組織湖南省農(nóng)機(jī)事務(wù)中心、江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗(yàn)鑒定站、安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗(yàn)鑒定站技術(shù)骨干，對(duì)湖南農(nóng)科院、江蘇大學(xué)、華中農(nóng)大、華南農(nóng)大等科研院所和生產(chǎn)企業(yè)已研發(fā)試制的新型再生稻收獲機(jī)開(kāi)展綜合測(cè)評(píng)。
 
　　積極推廣再生稻是推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，保障糧食安全的重要舉措，解決再生稻機(jī)收碾壓率高的問(wèn)題，對(duì)于提高再生稻產(chǎn)量具有關(guān)鍵作用。下一步，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站將持續(xù)跟進(jìn)測(cè)評(píng)作業(yè)地塊再生稻長(zhǎng)勢(shì)，進(jìn)一步以再生季稻谷產(chǎn)量驗(yàn)證機(jī)具低碾壓作業(yè)效果，并持續(xù)推進(jìn)再生稻收獲機(jī)改進(jìn)熟化、推廣應(yīng)用。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來(lái)源：中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)報(bào)、金臺(tái)資訊、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)機(jī)化總站。

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