農(nóng)機(jī)裝備有望推動(dòng)天然橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展

2022-09-27 13:57:38 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：38611 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】天然橡膠是世界性的大宗工業(yè)原料，具有工業(yè)品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的雙重屬性，與石油、鋼鐵、煤炭并列為四大工業(yè)原料，是國(guó)防和經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)不可缺少的戰(zhàn)略物資。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，全球天然橡膠割膠生產(chǎn)完全依靠人工。然而，受橡膠林環(huán)境溫度、空氣濕度等因素影響，嚴(yán)重制約橡膠產(chǎn)量的提高。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在我國(guó)因割膠工人減少導(dǎo)致50%以上的膠樹(shù)在一定程度被棄管、棄割，加上野蠻作業(yè)等不規(guī)范割膠容易導(dǎo)致大量樹(shù)皮壞死，嚴(yán)重影響天然橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
 


        因此，天然橡膠生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化需求迫切，以解決天然橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的膠工短缺，冬管人工作業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率低、成本高的問(wèn)題。
 
　　去年3月，國(guó)家天然橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化崗位和湛江綜合試驗(yàn)站在廣東農(nóng)墾東升農(nóng)場(chǎng)有限公司聯(lián)合開(kāi)展丘陵膠園機(jī)械化施肥技術(shù)——2FH-L小型履帶式遙控膠園開(kāi)溝施肥機(jī)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)培訓(xùn)和試驗(yàn)示范。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，2FH-L小型履帶式遙控膠園開(kāi)溝施肥機(jī)，純工作小時(shí)生產(chǎn)率為5.09畝/小時(shí)，班次小時(shí)生產(chǎn)率為2.93畝/小時(shí)，油耗3.05元/畝，與人工作業(yè)相比生產(chǎn)效率提高約2倍，作業(yè)成本降低約20%。小型履帶式遙控膠園開(kāi)溝施肥機(jī)一次性完成開(kāi)溝、施肥、覆土作業(yè)，可對(duì)作業(yè)實(shí)時(shí)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控，作業(yè)效果獲得了膠工和農(nóng)場(chǎng)管理人員一致認(rèn)可。
 
　　近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部日前針對(duì)海南代表團(tuán)提出的關(guān)于給予海南天然橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展政策支持的建議，作出答復(fù)稱(chēng)，將推動(dòng)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備服務(wù)海南天然橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示，已將天然橡膠機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)涉及的耕整、病蟲(chóng)害防治等通用類(lèi)機(jī)具，以及天然橡膠初加工等應(yīng)用機(jī)械納入農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置與應(yīng)用補(bǔ)貼范圍，并明確暫未納入補(bǔ)貼范圍的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品和成套設(shè)施裝備，通過(guò)農(nóng)機(jī)新產(chǎn)品購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼試點(diǎn)予以支持。下一步，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部將會(huì)同有關(guān)部門(mén)，積極研究探索有針對(duì)性天然橡膠產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策措施和有效的支持路徑。
 
　　目前，海南省已經(jīng)將電動(dòng)割膠刀納入補(bǔ)貼范圍。在海南開(kāi)展天然橡膠生產(chǎn)機(jī)械現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀摩、技術(shù)研討等示范推廣活動(dòng)，引導(dǎo)橡膠機(jī)械化技術(shù)與機(jī)具研發(fā)應(yīng)用。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、金臺(tái)資訊、中國(guó)農(nóng)科院農(nóng)機(jī)研究所。

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