夏邑縣農機化新型農業(yè)經營主體發(fā)展問題及建議

2023-03-30 10:51:25 來源：農機網整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：27864 評論

　　【農機網 地方農機】夏邑縣地處豫東平原，是“全國糧食生產百強縣”、“國家商品糧基地縣”。近日，河南省夏邑縣農機部門組織人員對全縣農機合作服務組織等新型農機化經營主體以及農機維修網點服務情況進行了一次全面調查，充分掌握全縣農機作業(yè)和農機維修服務的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，為全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興、加快農業(yè)農村現(xiàn)代化提供農機化技術支撐。
 
　　據(jù)發(fā)布的《關于夏邑縣農機化新型農業(yè)經營主體的調查分析》，公布夏邑縣目前農機化發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。目前，糧食種植面積穩(wěn)定在240萬畝以上，總產穩(wěn)定在22億斤以上。2022年底，全縣農機總動力112萬千瓦，大中型機械25942臺，農機作業(yè)專業(yè)戶7673戶。其中，全縣擁有農機原值在20萬元以上、年農機作業(yè)收入在8萬元以上的農機專業(yè)大戶48戶，農機專業(yè)合作社等新型農業(yè)經營主體123個，擁有大中型機械1756臺，配套機具4111臺套，年作業(yè)面積50余萬畝，占全縣作業(yè)面積的21%，是全縣農機作業(yè)社會化服務的主力軍。農機維修服務網點(企業(yè))39個。
 
　　指出目前該縣農機化發(fā)展呈三大特點：農業(yè)生產對農業(yè)機械化的需求加大、農機購置補貼政策和跨區(qū)作業(yè)的組織實施起到了引導推動作用、農機部門充分發(fā)揮職能作用，因勢利導，促進農機化發(fā)展。
 
　　近年來，夏邑縣農機化作業(yè)服務組織得到迅猛發(fā)展，有了長足進步，機具配套比更加合理，但也存在一些問題，主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:
 
　　農機戶農機利用率較低：農村經濟快速發(fā)展，農民購機、用機熱情高漲，農機化事業(yè)發(fā)展較快。在“三夏”、“三秋”農忙季節(jié)中大量使用農業(yè)機械，充分發(fā)揮了農業(yè)機械的收、耕、種功能，但在農閑時，農機大戶和農機合作組織不能把農業(yè)機械投入到儲運、農田水利開發(fā)、機械加工、修路等工作中，造成農業(yè)機械在農閑時大量閑置，利用率不高，其服務功能未得到進一步完善和發(fā)揮，作業(yè)服務領域還需要進一步拓寬，作業(yè)服務鏈還需要進一步延長。
 
　　農機人員專業(yè)素質較低：農機專業(yè)合作社成員大都是新購機農戶或者以土地入股入社的農民。真正懂技術、會管理、善經營人員較少，專業(yè)素質普遍不高。農機維修人員大部分未經過正式系統(tǒng)培訓，未具有相應的職業(yè)技能資格證，缺少專業(yè)維修技術人員。
 
　　維修網點規(guī)模?。?/strong>全縣39個農機維修網點，僅3個規(guī)模大、設施齊全、服務功能強的農機維修企業(yè)，其他36個都是個體經營者，且大都是租賃場地，經營條件簡陋，維修設備簡單，有的維修以換件為主，維修質量不高。農機專業(yè)合作社和農機大戶由于缺乏政策扶持和資金短缺，加上場地、庫棚等基礎設施不完善、規(guī)模小，有的機具隨意擺放。
 
　　綜合服務功能弱：農機化新型經營主體發(fā)展質量不高，效益不穩(wěn)、服務帶動效應不夠強。由于設施、技術、人員、場地、資金不足等因素影響，全縣無一家省級現(xiàn)代化農機專業(yè)合作社，農機大戶示范帶動能力弱。有的服務組織僅限于耕種收作業(yè)，有的服務組織僅限于植保作業(yè)，有的服務組織僅限于開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，作業(yè)比較單一，組織化程度底，管理滯后，發(fā)展緩慢，還不能完全適應現(xiàn)代化農業(yè)和農機服務產業(yè)化發(fā)展的需求。
 
　　建議和措施——
 
　　完善制度，提升運營水平：建立規(guī)范管理長效機制。完善章程制度，健全內控制度，加強輔導，參照示范章程制定符合自身特點的章程。健全組織機構，依法建立成員(代表)大會、理事會和監(jiān)事會并認真履行職責。規(guī)范利益分配，指導建立合理的收益分配制度，強化同成員之間利益聯(lián)結。通過政府引導和市場主導相結合，構建由“輔導員+服務中心”組成的新型農機化經營主體指導服務體系，區(qū)別不同地區(qū)、發(fā)展階段和產業(yè)基礎，強化分類指導，增強指導服務的針對性和有效性。
 
　　加強培訓，增強服務能力：依托農業(yè)農村部“耕耘者”振興計劃、鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)振興帶頭人培育“頭雁”項目，積極培育新型農機化經營主體帶頭人，帶動產業(yè)發(fā)展；實施高素質培育計劃，面向農機專業(yè)戶、農機合作社帶頭人開展全產業(yè)鏈培訓。分層分類開展新型農機化經營主體帶頭人培訓，分級建立帶頭人人才庫，加強對青年農機化人才的培養(yǎng)和創(chuàng)業(yè)支持。鼓勵返鄉(xiāng)人員創(chuàng)辦農民合作社，支持發(fā)展到一定規(guī)模的農民合作社探索決策權與經營權分離，提升經營管理水平。同時，要通過培訓提高操作人員、維人員專業(yè)技術水平，提高農機利用率和效益。保障農機維修質量，保障農機安全生產。要改進培訓方法，加強人員管理，建立完善學員檔案管理制度，進一步加大投入，改善辦學條件，拓寬培訓范圍，確保培訓質量。
 
　　健全指導服務體系，提高組織化程度：在依托基層農機技術指導員的基礎上，鼓勵各地面向鄉(xiāng)土專家、企業(yè)和社會組織經營管理人員、示范社帶頭人、示范家庭農場主等選聘指導員，推動指導員專業(yè)化規(guī)范化發(fā)展，建立指導員人才庫，健全指導服務體系。本著農戶“自主、自愿”原則，由農機部門主導，吸收農機大戶參與組建農機專業(yè)合作社、農機服務公司等新型農機專業(yè)服務組織，將分散的農機大戶廣泛組織起來，提高組織化、產業(yè)化程度。這樣不僅可以有效地化解農機大戶存在的忙閑不均或作業(yè)“機荒”和“扎堆”現(xiàn)象，規(guī)范其經營行為。而且可以增強農機大戶抵御市場的風險能力，維護其合法權益。充分發(fā)揮其在農業(yè)生產、發(fā)展農村經濟、鄉(xiāng)村振興中的重要作用，提高農機合作組織規(guī)模、數(shù)量和效益。
 
　　樹立典型，強化試點示范引領：加大宣傳推介力度，引領新型農業(yè)經營主體因地制宜探索發(fā)展模式。開展農民合作社質量提升工程，搞好試點示范，圍繞發(fā)展壯大單體合作社、促進聯(lián)合與合作，形成農民合作社高質量發(fā)展典型。在政策、資金、技術、服務上對其傾斜，發(fā)揮其典型帶動、示范拉動作用。建立農機化信息工作機制，建立搜集、整理、發(fā)布制度，定期為農民和農機大戶、農機合作服務組織、農機維修網點提供信息服務。
 
　　注：本文由農機網(m.epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：河南省夏邑縣農機服務中心。

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