科學(xué)有效應(yīng)對當(dāng)前“爛場雨”技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2023-06-02 09:22:33 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)化協(xié)會 閱讀量：15514 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】當(dāng)前，主產(chǎn)區(qū)小麥陸續(xù)進(jìn)入收獲期，是確保顆粒歸倉、奪取夏糧豐收的關(guān)鍵時期。5月下旬，北方地區(qū)出現(xiàn)明顯降雨，局地發(fā)生暴雨、大風(fēng)、冰雹等強(qiáng)對流天氣，江淮、黃淮大部降水量達(dá)25—80毫米、局部100—200毫米。受連陰雨天氣影響，部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)“爛場雨”，個別麥田倒伏受淹，易導(dǎo)致霉變和穗發(fā)芽，影響小麥產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。為科學(xué)應(yīng)對“爛場雨”，各地要堅持“四搶”（搶排積水、搶抓田管、搶時收獲、搶晴晾曬）、“兩降”（降漬澇、降損失）、“兩防”（防病蟲、防霉變），加強(qiáng)田間管理，強(qiáng)化防災(zāi)減災(zāi)，減少產(chǎn)量損失，確保顆粒歸倉，努力奪取夏糧豐產(chǎn)豐收。
 
　　搶排積水降漬澇
 
　　對降水較多地區(qū)，要及時清溝理墑，暢通麥田溝系，確保雨止田干，降低麥田濕度，保持根系活力，減少倒伏概率，同時確保雨后農(nóng)機(jī)能盡早下田搶收。對無溝系配套、短時無法排水麥田，要及時調(diào)度適宜排澇機(jī)具，搶排田間積水。特別對倒伏麥田，要加快排水降漬，避免麥穗泡在水中導(dǎo)致穗發(fā)芽，減少霉變發(fā)生。
 
　　搶抓田管防病蟲
 
　　對處于灌漿期的麥田，要持續(xù)抓好田間管理，強(qiáng)化“一噴三防”。要根據(jù)病蟲發(fā)生情況，科學(xué)選藥用藥，同時混合噴施磷酸二氫鉀、尿素或生長調(diào)節(jié)劑，防逼熟防早衰，促灌漿提粒重，增產(chǎn)量保質(zhì)量。對倒伏麥田，群體內(nèi)蔭蔽程度增加，易加重病害發(fā)生，要強(qiáng)化病害防控，實施無人機(jī)統(tǒng)一作業(yè)。
 
　　搶時收獲降損失
 
　　密切關(guān)注天氣變化，做好搶時收獲。根據(jù)成熟程度，合理調(diào)配農(nóng)機(jī)，安排收獲進(jìn)度。對處于蠟熟末期的麥田，搶在大雨來臨前收獲，預(yù)防穗發(fā)芽，并為下茬播種創(chuàng)造良好條件。對倒伏麥田，加裝扶倒器、分禾器，適度降低割臺，減緩行進(jìn)速度，減少機(jī)收損失。對穗發(fā)芽麥田，分類搶收，分類存儲，分類銷售。
 
　　搶晴晾曬防霉變
 
　　要搶抓晴好天氣，利用有利場地抓緊晾曬，降低水分含量，防止霉變發(fā)生。有條件的地方，利用設(shè)施烘干作業(yè)，也可自建應(yīng)急風(fēng)干設(shè)施，盡快使籽粒含水量降至安全水分，避免發(fā)芽和霉變，及早入倉入庫。對因雨來不及入庫或室內(nèi)不具備晾干條件的，要覆蓋防雨膜，雨停后及時揭膜晾曬，減少霉變。
 

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