【春耕備耕】?2024年內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)作物重大病蟲害發(fā)生趨勢

2024-03-08 08:49:19 來源：內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧廳 閱讀量：14338 評論

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 近期，自治區(qū)植保植檢中心組織科研院所、高校及植保系統(tǒng)相關(guān)專家，對2024年我區(qū)農(nóng)作物重大病蟲害發(fā)生趨勢進行分析會商。綜合分析病蟲源基數(shù)、種植制度、農(nóng)作物布局和氣候等因素，預(yù)計2024年玉米、大豆、小麥、馬鈴薯等主要糧食作物和油料、蔬菜等經(jīng)濟作物重大病蟲害中等發(fā)生，局部地區(qū)偏重發(fā)生，預(yù)計全區(qū)發(fā)生面積約1.2億畝次，較2023年實際發(fā)生面積增加18.8%，對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)安全構(gòu)成較大威脅。
 
　　一、預(yù)計玉米“六蟲三病”發(fā)生面積7000萬畝次
 
　　重大遷飛性害蟲草地貪夜蛾、粘蟲、草地螟，如氣候條件適宜，受蒙古國、俄羅斯境外以及外省蟲源遷入影響，存在突發(fā)、暴發(fā)、集中為害的風(fēng)險。
 
　　常發(fā)害蟲玉米螟，越冬蟲源基數(shù)高于上年，預(yù)計東部四盟市玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)偏重發(fā)生。玉米紅蜘蛛，受高溫干旱影響，呼和浩特以西玉米種植區(qū)偏重發(fā)生，局部地區(qū)重發(fā)生。
 
　　多食性害蟲雙斑螢葉甲，在全區(qū)玉米種植區(qū)普遍中等發(fā)生，局部地區(qū)偏重發(fā)生。
 
　　玉米大斑病、彎孢霉葉斑病、絲黑穗病，受降雨條件影響東部區(qū)中等—偏重發(fā)生。
 
　　二、預(yù)計大豆“三病一蟲”發(fā)生面積500萬畝次
 
　　大豆根腐病，因大豆擴種、連年重茬種植，呼倫貝爾市中等發(fā)生，局部地塊偏重發(fā)生。
 
　　大豆褐斑病，大豆菌核病，呼倫貝爾市、赤峰市中等發(fā)生，局部地區(qū)偏重發(fā)生。
 
　　大豆食心蟲，呼倫貝爾市、興安盟偏輕發(fā)生，局部地塊中等發(fā)生。
 
　　三、預(yù)計小麥“兩病一蟲”發(fā)生面積150萬畝次
 
　　小麥赤霉病，呼倫貝爾市輕發(fā)生。
 
　　小麥銹病，呼倫貝爾市、赤峰市、巴彥淖爾市、烏蘭察布市、錫林郭勒盟輕發(fā)生。
 
　　小麥蚜蟲，巴彥淖爾市、烏蘭察布市、赤峰市中等發(fā)生。
 
　　四、預(yù)計馬鈴薯主要病害發(fā)生面積270萬畝次
 
　　重大流行性病害馬鈴薯晚疫病，如遇適宜氣候條件、在呼倫貝爾市、興安盟存在流行性發(fā)生的風(fēng)險，局部地區(qū)偏重發(fā)生。
 
　　馬鈴薯瘡痂病、粉痂病、黑脛病，在烏蘭察布、錫林郭勒盟、呼和浩特市有加重發(fā)生趨勢。
 
　　五、預(yù)計其他油料、蔬菜作物重大病蟲害發(fā)生面積350萬畝次
 
　　向日葵菌核病，烏蘭察布以西地區(qū)和赤峰市部分區(qū)域偏重發(fā)生。
 
　　油菜菌核病，油菜主產(chǎn)區(qū)呼倫貝爾市偏輕發(fā)生；黃條跳甲呼倫貝爾市、呼和浩特市、烏蘭察布市中等發(fā)生。
 
　　蔬菜重大害蟲番茄潛葉蛾，2021年7月首次傳入我區(qū)巴彥淖爾市。目前已快速擴散到除呼倫貝爾市以外的11個盟市62個旗縣，預(yù)計赤峰市、呼和浩特市、包頭市、巴彥淖爾市蔬菜主產(chǎn)區(qū)偏重發(fā)生。
 
　　請各地進一步加強監(jiān)測體系建設(shè)，提升防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力，加力加密監(jiān)測調(diào)查，做到早監(jiān)測、早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早預(yù)警，防早治小，源頭控制，及時采取有效措施，努力減少產(chǎn)量損失，確保國家糧食生產(chǎn)安全和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給。

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