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陜西?。捍_保完成80萬(wàn)畝大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植

2024-06-12 14:13:29 來(lái)源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:13133 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:今年,陜西省大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植任務(wù)面積為80萬(wàn)畝,近日,陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳辦公室印發(fā)了《2024年大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植實(shí)施方案》。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 2022年起,我國(guó)大力實(shí)施大豆和油料產(chǎn)能提升工程,主推大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植模式,著力提高大豆和食用植物油自給率。
 
  今年,陜西省大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植任務(wù)面積為80萬(wàn)畝。為切實(shí)提高大豆產(chǎn)能和自給率,高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、高質(zhì)量完成我省大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植任務(wù),近日,陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳辦公室印發(fā)了《2024年大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植實(shí)施方案》(簡(jiǎn)稱《方案》)。
 
  《方案》指出,要以當(dāng)?shù)赜衩變糇鞣N植面積和單產(chǎn)水平為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因地制宜選擇探索適宜本地區(qū)的帶狀復(fù)合種植模式,確保實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米基本不減產(chǎn)、增收一季豆的發(fā)展目標(biāo);要充分尊重農(nóng)民群眾和新型經(jīng)營(yíng)主體意愿,優(yōu)先選擇合作社、涉農(nóng)企業(yè)、種植大戶、村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織等新型經(jīng)營(yíng)主體,實(shí)施組織化生產(chǎn)、規(guī)?;B片種植,集中人力、財(cái)力、物力,保證技術(shù)到位、效果滿意、面積落實(shí);廣泛探索和研究多種“糧食不減產(chǎn)、增收一季豆”生產(chǎn)模式和配套技術(shù),積極開展果園、高粱等與大豆機(jī)械化帶狀間作套種模式,積極開發(fā)鹽堿地、撂荒地?cái)U(kuò)種大豆,形成適應(yīng)地方特色種植制度的多渠道、多模式提升大豆生產(chǎn)能力。
 
圖片來(lái)源:千圖網(wǎng)
 
  根據(jù)《方案》的安排部署,立足陜西省資源稟賦,突出“兩區(qū)一基地”建設(shè),穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植集成技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用,全面提升技術(shù)到位率,提升單產(chǎn)和效益,落實(shí)全省大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植80萬(wàn)畝。
 
  根據(jù)《方案》,陜西省大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植主推模式為:擴(kuò)間增密,充分發(fā)揮邊際優(yōu)勢(shì),大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植的玉米密度應(yīng)與當(dāng)?shù)赝贩N凈作玉米密度相當(dāng),大豆密度達(dá)到當(dāng)?shù)赝贩N凈作大豆密度的70%以上。
 
  其中,在播種環(huán)節(jié),播種方式包括機(jī)械播種和人工播種。機(jī)械播種分帶狀間作和帶狀套作。帶狀間作時(shí)宜選用適合相應(yīng)帶狀復(fù)合種植模式行數(shù)、行距、株距、間距、種肥距離、施肥深度、施肥量、是否覆蓋地膜等參數(shù)的大豆玉米帶狀復(fù)合種植播種機(jī);帶狀套作時(shí),陜南地區(qū)春玉米夏大豆套作模式,宜分別選用2行玉米施肥播種機(jī)和3—4行大豆施肥播種機(jī)先后分別播種,行距、株距、間距、種肥距離、施肥深度、施肥量等參數(shù)需滿足種植模式要求。
 
  推薦在拖拉機(jī)上加裝北斗導(dǎo)航自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng),播種機(jī)上加裝播種報(bào)警、電動(dòng)排肥等裝置,以更加精準(zhǔn)的控制行距、排種和排肥量等。陜南山地人工播種時(shí),可采用手持式點(diǎn)播器、手推式鴨嘴播種器播種或人工開溝播種。操作時(shí)注意保證行距、株距、播深、種肥距離規(guī)范。
 
  在收獲環(huán)節(jié),陜北、渭北地區(qū)以同時(shí)收獲和先收大豆為主,同時(shí)收獲時(shí),可采取大豆和玉米收獲機(jī)械前后協(xié)同收獲;先收大豆后收玉米時(shí),可選擇割幅寬度1.6—2米以內(nèi)可通過(guò)的大豆聯(lián)合收割機(jī)收獲大豆,再選用玉米收獲機(jī)收獲玉米。大豆收獲機(jī)機(jī)型應(yīng)根據(jù)大豆帶寬和相鄰兩玉米帶之間的距離選擇,應(yīng)做到不漏收大豆、不碾壓或夾帶玉米植株。大豆收獲機(jī)割臺(tái)幅寬一般應(yīng)大于大豆帶寬度40厘米(兩側(cè)各20厘米)以上,整機(jī)外廓尺寸應(yīng)比相鄰兩玉米帶之間距離小20厘米(兩側(cè)各10厘米)以上,盡量放低割臺(tái),將割茬降至4—8厘米,避免漏收低節(jié)位豆莢,大豆機(jī)械作業(yè)速度不高于5千米/小時(shí)(下同)。
 
  陜南地區(qū)以先收玉米為主。可選擇割幅寬度在1.6—1.8米以內(nèi)可通過(guò)的玉米聯(lián)合收割機(jī)收獲果穗或籽粒,玉米收獲機(jī)輪胎(履帶)外沿與大豆帶距離一般應(yīng)大于15厘米。待大豆成熟后選用窄幅寬大豆收獲機(jī)或當(dāng)?shù)爻R?guī)大豆收獲機(jī)進(jìn)行大豆收獲作業(yè),一般推薦采用聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)收獲,收獲期多雨時(shí)也可先用割曬機(jī)割倒,然后晾干脫粒。玉米收獲機(jī)機(jī)型應(yīng)根據(jù)玉米帶的行數(shù)、行距和相鄰兩大豆帶之間的寬度選擇,并加裝分禾器,防止玉米籽粒混入大豆,應(yīng)做到不碾壓或損傷大豆植株。
 
  注:本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來(lái)源:陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳。
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