玉米測(cè)產(chǎn)亮實(shí)績(jī) 科學(xué)提產(chǎn)有依據(jù)

———臨汾市農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)展中心開(kāi)展玉米密植試驗(yàn)田測(cè)產(chǎn)工作
2024-09-18 09:43:49 來(lái)源：山西省農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展中心 閱讀量：19978 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 臨汾市農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)展中心春玉米密植試驗(yàn)田進(jìn)入臘熟期，為準(zhǔn)確掌握試驗(yàn)田玉米生長(zhǎng)情況，近日市農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械發(fā)展中心組織9名技術(shù)人員到洪洞縣甘亭鎮(zhèn)試驗(yàn)田開(kāi)展玉米測(cè)產(chǎn)驗(yàn)收工作。
 
　　玉米是臨汾市種植面積第一大糧食作物、經(jīng)濟(jì)作物、飼料作物，玉米密植生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化是現(xiàn)代玉米生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，也是提高糧食單產(chǎn)的重要途徑。臨汾市于2022、2023年分別開(kāi)展了玉米密植生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，均達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果，為了對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的論證，2024年繼續(xù)開(kāi)展玉米密植生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化高產(chǎn)高效試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)田分春玉米和夏玉米兩種地塊，每塊試驗(yàn)田分別采用每畝4000株、5000株、6000株三種種植模式。
 
　　玉米產(chǎn)量的測(cè)定采用5點(diǎn)法，在玉米臘熟期進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的測(cè)定。在檢測(cè)樣本地塊中隨機(jī)選取1塊，從四個(gè)地角開(kāi)始沿對(duì)角線交叉點(diǎn)算起，在四分之一至八分之一對(duì)角線長(zhǎng)的范圍內(nèi)選定一個(gè)數(shù)值，以此數(shù)值為長(zhǎng)度，確定四個(gè)測(cè)區(qū)，再加上對(duì)角線的交叉點(diǎn)共5個(gè)測(cè)區(qū)。以穗粒數(shù)、畝產(chǎn)量、倒伏率以及根系參數(shù)為測(cè)試指標(biāo)。
 
　　拉卷尺、挖根系、扛玉米、測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)…… 技術(shù)人員根據(jù)5點(diǎn)法，科學(xué)取樣、詳實(shí)記錄，實(shí)地開(kāi)展了測(cè)距、數(shù)株數(shù)、測(cè)量株高、接穗高度、近地節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、徑桿長(zhǎng)粗、根長(zhǎng)、根數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)。采樣后對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行人工脫粒，開(kāi)展行粒數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、含水率、百粒重等數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量，測(cè)量結(jié)果顯示4000株百粒重39.78g，平均穗粒數(shù)589粒，畝產(chǎn)708kg/畝；5000株百粒重40.2g，平均穗粒數(shù)607粒，畝產(chǎn)912kg/畝，6000株百粒重38.53g，平均穗粒數(shù)522粒，畝產(chǎn)802kg/畝。經(jīng)試驗(yàn)分析，在施肥水平高、土壤肥力好、墑情適宜、灌溉條件、生產(chǎn)條件好的情況下，密植模式有較大優(yōu)勢(shì)，可獲得高產(chǎn)量，但實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中種植過(guò)密容易引起肥力不足和空桿等現(xiàn)象，5000株種植模式效益最高。
 
　　玉米種植通過(guò)適當(dāng)密植提高了質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量，達(dá)到了增產(chǎn)增收的效果，收獲了高質(zhì)量的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，為臨汾市合理密植玉米生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化推廣打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。

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