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今日立冬│秋盡冬始 萬(wàn)物收藏時(shí)

2024-11-07 13:53:26 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：22713 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：立冬后，北方農(nóng)林作物全面進(jìn)入越冬期，江淮地區(qū)的“三秋”(秋收、秋管、秋種)也接近尾聲。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 立冬是冬季的第一個(gè)節(jié)氣，代表著冬季的開(kāi)始。立冬時(shí)節(jié)正是南方秋收冬種的大好時(shí)段，各地要充分利用晴好天氣，做好晚稻的收、曬、晾，保證入庫(kù)質(zhì)量。立冬后，北方農(nóng)林作物全面進(jìn)入越冬期，江淮地區(qū)的“三秋”(秋收、秋管、秋種)也接近尾聲。立冬前后農(nóng)事活動(dòng)如下：
 
　　冬灌
 
　　立冬是華南地區(qū)小麥最佳播種期。從立冬開(kāi)始，冬季有季節(jié)性凍土的華北和黃淮地區(qū)要留意土壤上凍情況，日平均氣溫在八度到四度之間時(shí)，土壤會(huì)夜凍晝消，這時(shí)要給小麥、油菜及果園澆冬水。待來(lái)年開(kāi)春之時(shí)，一旦發(fā)生春旱的話，冬灌的水分可以在一定程度上緩解春旱帶來(lái)的影響。并且冬灌帶來(lái)的結(jié)凍化凍的過(guò)程可以使土壤變得更加疏松，且地表的部分蟲卵等也常在冬灌中被凍死，從而預(yù)防來(lái)年種植的蟲害影響。
 
　　冬耕
 
　　冬耕指耕耘冬季閑田，以恢復(fù)土壤肥力，來(lái)年厚德載物。冬耕把土壤翻松后能多蓄雨雪保墑，莊稼茬子和雜草被翻到地下腐爛后能肥田，深層的土壤翻出后，陽(yáng)光能殺死病菌，鳥會(huì)吃掉越冬的害蟲和蟲蛹、蟲卵，來(lái)年病蟲害就會(huì)減少。冬耕時(shí)配合施農(nóng)家肥還能讓來(lái)年莊稼扎根更深，冬天施的肥有足夠的時(shí)間滲入土壤深處，能引導(dǎo)根向深處長(zhǎng)，春天才施肥，肥只能留在地表，莊稼扎根淺，碰到災(zāi)害抵抗力不強(qiáng)，反而收成不好。
 
　　積肥
 
　　立冬時(shí)農(nóng)人還要積肥，把有機(jī)肥堆積在一起，覆蓋上泥土，促進(jìn)肥料腐熟，以備來(lái)年春天使用。
 
　　建蔬菜大棚
 
　　冬季除了種植冬小麥外，越冬蔬菜的種植也是非常普遍的。雖然很多蔬菜的耐寒性很強(qiáng)，但是為了保證蔬菜的安全過(guò)冬，立冬前后建造蔬菜大棚就是一件很實(shí)用的農(nóng)事了。
 
　　此外，對(duì)于溫室生長(zhǎng)的番茄、黃瓜、茄子、甜辣椒等秋冬茬喜溫性作物要調(diào)節(jié)適宜的溫度、光照、空氣濕度等環(huán)境條件，尤其是增加光照。對(duì)于棚膜要經(jīng)常擦洗，增加透光率。并且要及時(shí)通風(fēng)換氣，加強(qiáng)整枝打杈、輔助授粉、疏花疏果，科學(xué)追肥、澆水、適時(shí)防治病蟲害等管理，促使植株生長(zhǎng)健壯、多結(jié)果，結(jié)好果。芹菜、油菜、蘿卜等耐寒性作物要做好調(diào)節(jié)適宜環(huán)境條件，中耕松土、追肥澆水等管理工作。
 
　　果樹越冬管理
 
　　立冬前后，果樹大都都進(jìn)入采收后的管理時(shí)期，為保障果樹安全過(guò)冬，除了必要的冬灌外，還要注意果樹冬剪及樹干涂白等管理。果樹冬剪要先修剪盛果期樹，后剪初果期樹及幼樹，果樹冬剪可以幫助樹體貯藏養(yǎng)分，為保留下的枝、芽生長(zhǎng)做準(zhǔn)備。立冬前后進(jìn)行樹干涂白能消滅大量在樹干上越冬的病菌及害蟲，從而保障來(lái)年果樹的健康生長(zhǎng)。
 
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