雛形初現(xiàn)：經(jīng)濟作物機械化市場潛力有待挖掘

2017-11-11 13:42:32 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 作者：小虎牙 閱讀量：49710 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 糧食作物是關(guān)乎國計民生和國家經(jīng)濟安全的重要戰(zhàn)略物資，也是人民群眾基本的生活資料和主要的食物來源，因此國家大力推行糧食作物全程機械化策略，目前各地的糧食作物機械化程度均已達到相當高的程度，然而在糧食作物機械化迅速發(fā)展的時期，經(jīng)濟作物的機械化問題卻被忽略。如果說糧食作物機械化問題是上升到糧食安全的國家性問題，那么經(jīng)濟作物機械化問題則是關(guān)乎人民群眾生活的社會性問題。
 
　　勞動人口老齡化問題是迫使機械化迅速發(fā)展的主要原因，而經(jīng)濟作物的種植又不同于糧食作物的種植，程序繁瑣而復(fù)雜,需要大量的人力，對于勞動力短缺的現(xiàn)狀來說，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟作物機械化的需求早就該提上日程。
 
　　近年來對于經(jīng)濟作物機械化的呼聲也甚囂塵上，這是目前行業(yè)內(nèi)持續(xù)受關(guān)注的熱點，也是行業(yè)發(fā)展的短板。對于經(jīng)濟作物占了種植業(yè)半壁江山的大部分省市來說，經(jīng)濟作物機械化發(fā)展是大勢所趨，好處也自是不必多說。
 
雛形初現(xiàn)：經(jīng)濟作物機械化市場潛力有待挖掘
 
　　經(jīng)濟作物機械化生產(chǎn)可有效提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低生產(chǎn)成本。傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟作物的種植方式不僅要消耗大量的人力，在效率上也是相當?shù)?，而機械化生產(chǎn)不僅可以節(jié)省勞動力，降低勞動強度，還能大大提高勞動效率。有數(shù)據(jù)顯示，花生播種收獲機作業(yè)效率是人工的20倍左右，馬鈴薯播種收獲機械化作業(yè)效率是人工的30倍左右；大蒜、生姜機械化收獲效率是人工的60倍左右。相信看了這數(shù)據(jù)，對于經(jīng)濟作物機械化生產(chǎn)在效率上的優(yōu)勢已無需其它的贅述。
 
　　經(jīng)濟作物機械化生產(chǎn)能促進作物增產(chǎn)。用播種機播種的經(jīng)濟作物由于能夠保墑保溫，因此能提高出苗率，而機械采收可以延長作物的生長期，并降低收獲的破損率，能夠切實達到增產(chǎn)增收的效果，用一組數(shù)據(jù)來佐證：花生機械化生產(chǎn)平均每畝可增產(chǎn)40kg，馬鈴薯機械化生產(chǎn)平均每畝可增產(chǎn)250kg，大蒜機械化收獲平均每畝可增產(chǎn)50kg，生姜機械化收獲平均每畝可增產(chǎn)300kg。
 
　　經(jīng)濟作物機械化能起到節(jié)本增收的作用。舉個例子，花生每畝人工播種收獲需費用125元，機械作業(yè)需100元，其中包括機手純收益40元，機具作業(yè)成本約60元，也就是說，花生種收機械化作業(yè)每畝可比人工種收節(jié)約支出25元。
 
　　就目前的現(xiàn)狀來看，經(jīng)濟作物的耕種環(huán)節(jié)已基本實現(xiàn)機械化生產(chǎn)，而關(guān)鍵的采收環(huán)節(jié)則發(fā)展緩慢，成了機械化耕種收環(huán)節(jié)中薄弱的一環(huán)，而我國經(jīng)濟作物的種植面積正在逐年提高，多種經(jīng)濟作物的種植面積、年產(chǎn)量以及出口量均居于世界前列，雖然機械化耕種已初具規(guī)模，但還處于初級階段，市場需求依然有巨大的潛力可待挖掘。
 
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