第47個世界環(huán)境日：再談生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)

2018-06-05 17:25:43 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：53352 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】今天(6月5日)是一個特別的日子，2018年的今天是第47個世界環(huán)境日。在1972年10月，第27屆聯(lián)合國大會采納了聯(lián)合國人類環(huán)境會議的建議，規(guī)定每年的6月5日為“世界環(huán)境日”，它反映了世界各國人民對環(huán)境問題的認識和態(tài)度，表達了人類對美好環(huán)境的向往和追求。我國作為人口大國和農(nóng)業(yè)大國，農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境問題至關重要，在世界環(huán)境日這天各地開展環(huán)境污染防治攻堅戰(zhàn)的同時，我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中存在的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題更加顯得“無處循形”。
 

 
　　目前，我國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進入好歷史時期，然而在取得巨大成就的同時也付出了巨大的代價——資源利用的弦繃得越來越緊，生態(tài)環(huán)境的承載能力越來越接近極限。中國農(nóng)業(yè)資源環(huán)境遭受著外源性污染和內(nèi)源性污染的雙重壓力，農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展遭遇瓶頸。由于化肥、農(nóng)藥長期不合理且過量使用，畜禽糞便、農(nóng)作物秸稈和農(nóng)田殘膜等農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物不合理處置，農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染日益嚴重。目前，我國農(nóng)業(yè)已超過工業(yè)成為我國大的面源污染產(chǎn)業(yè)，總體狀況不容樂觀。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)大敵之一：化肥
 
　　過量施用、盲目施用化肥不僅影響農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)，更重要的是會對土壤造成不可挽救的影響。土壤資源是寶貴的農(nóng)業(yè)資源、重要的生產(chǎn)要素，土壤質(zhì)量關系到十幾億人的吃飯問題。過量使用化肥會使土壤養(yǎng)分失衡、土壤肥力和有機質(zhì)下降，導致耕地土壤酸化、土壤流失，嚴重會導致土壤板結(jié)，終喪失農(nóng)業(yè)耕種價值。要緩解這一問題，一方面，提高化肥利用率、實現(xiàn)減量增效，推廣使用新型肥料、生物肥料等有機肥；另一方面，開展農(nóng)機深松整地是改善耕地質(zhì)量、提高農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力、促進質(zhì)量興農(nóng)、綠色興農(nóng)的重要舉措。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部5月14日下發(fā)的《關于做好2018年農(nóng)機深松整地工作的通知》指出，各地要切實完成好今年深松整地目標任務，同時因地制宜開展作業(yè)補助。要求各地要廣泛宣傳農(nóng)機深松的重要作用，努力提高廣大農(nóng)民開展深松整地的自覺性，積極探索適宜本地的深松技術模式，挖掘深松面積增加潛力。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)大敵之二：農(nóng)藥
 
　　為了保證糧食生產(chǎn)，防治病蟲害的發(fā)生，目前農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)已離不開農(nóng)藥的使用。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，歐美發(fā)達國家農(nóng)藥的利用率達到50%至60%，而我國農(nóng)藥利用率僅為38.8%。據(jù)了解，在農(nóng)藥的使用過程中，真正作用與農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲的農(nóng)藥僅有10-30%左右，進入大氣、水體的部分約為20-30%，殘留在土壤中的約有50-60%。越是大量使用農(nóng)藥越容易形成惡性循環(huán)，而若將農(nóng)藥利用率提高2.2個百分點，則相當于減少農(nóng)藥使用量3萬噸(實物量)、減少生產(chǎn)投入約12億元。因此，合理使用農(nóng)藥、提高農(nóng)藥使用效率，同時加大政策支持，對采用農(nóng)藥減量、農(nóng)藥殘留降解等環(huán)境友好型技術和應用、低毒、低殘留農(nóng)藥和生物農(nóng)藥的農(nóng)戶進行補貼是解決農(nóng)藥污染的重要舉措。
 
　　其他污染源
 
　　除化肥農(nóng)藥外，農(nóng)作物秸稈焚燒和農(nóng)膜殘留問題也是農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)的重要污染源。
 
　　近年來在各地政府的嚴格把關下，秸稈焚燒問題得到很大緩解，下一步要加大推廣秸稈綜合利用，尤其是秸稈還田，既能減少污染又能再次利用。
 
　　農(nóng)膜殘留問題不僅會對農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)生危害，而且會降低土壤肥力以及對農(nóng)村景觀造成“視覺污染”。防治農(nóng)膜污染應遵循“以宣傳教育為先導，以強化管理為核心，以回收利用為主要手段，以替代產(chǎn)品為補充措施”的原則，積極防治殘膜污染，主要通過清理和回收利用來減少污染，并依靠有利于回收利用的經(jīng)濟政策提高回收利用率。
 
　　結(jié)語
 
　　地球生態(tài)環(huán)境關系到每一個行業(yè)、每一個人，而農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)對于我國這樣一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國更是有著重要的地位。我國農(nóng)業(yè)在走向機械化、現(xiàn)代化的同時，更應該注重發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)、生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)，保證農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展才是我國走向農(nóng)業(yè)強國的根基。在今天這個第47個世界環(huán)境日，讓我們再次呼吁發(fā)展生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)，保護人類環(huán)境。
 
 

上一篇： 農(nóng)機行業(yè)保護性耕作二三事

下一篇：品牌構(gòu)建這部大戲，農(nóng)機企業(yè)怎么唱？

我要評論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3249029","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7321adc3fbe8e809ba974b04d23b3380e6c261871214452d18957a332dc6b8bdfae.jpg","PictureDomain":"img50","Name":"不溶度離心機乳品檢測儀廠家","Type":"","Descrip":"每張濾膜可測500ml牛奶溶液，雜質(zhì)度板直徑為32mm；手動雜質(zhì)度測試；可放在桌面使用；檢測量：500ml牛奶溶液用途范圍：用于乳粉、牛奶雜質(zhì)度的測試。","CompanyName":"北京中慧天誠科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141778","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"1","City":"北京市","Address":"北京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"59","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51673872","StandUrl":"/st141778","UpdateTime":"2025/3/12 20:32:04","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103249029","UserID":"154779","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"2000048","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"張先生","TelPhone":"010-89942170/89942167","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"空氣臭氧發(fā)生器;擴散氫測定儀;瓦斯蒸氣粉塵和懸浮物;汽車尾氣分析儀;煙道氣綜合分析儀;石油產(chǎn)品采樣器;食品檢測儀;固定式可燃氣體探測器;手持式辛烷值儀;快速水份測定儀;二氧化氯發(fā)生器;身高體重測量儀","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"3150","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2025/1/19 16:02:20","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15652257065"},{"ID":"3120731","Picture":"mt0001/5afa7988de8616eeef13b31d783ec13da941a7e513cdd3ebca1c74fb16cfb3494e8a1658a6377186.png","PictureDomain":"img65","Name":"全自動軟化點試驗器公司","Type":"SYP-2806F","Descrip":"SYP-2806F自動軟化點測定儀本儀器是根據(jù)中華人民共和國標準GB/T 4507《石油瀝青軟化點測定法》、中華人民共和國行業(yè)標準JTG E20-2011《公路工程瀝青及瀝青混合料試驗規(guī)程》中T 0606-2011《瀝青軟化點試驗（環(huán)*法）》和2020年藥典松香軟化點所規(guī)定的要求設計制造的，適用于道路石油瀝青、煤瀝青、液體石油瀝青等各類瀝青軟化點的測定，是各瀝青生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，公路、橋梁建設單位和各相","CompanyName":"上海密通機電科技有限公司","CompanyID":"140098","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"394","City":"上海","Address":"上海","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"108","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51673872","StandUrl":"/st140098","UpdateTime":"2025/3/12 20:32:31","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103120731","UserID":"153088","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1928563","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"李成","TelPhone":"021-59570253","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"軟化點測定儀，運動粘度儀，針入度錐入度儀，微量水分儀，旋轉(zhuǎn)粘度計","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"12042","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/8/21 6:54:12","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13611710102"},{"ID":"3102509","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7324227a645b5accc326568a45ab0c5eb4fa68be74fc45189b21ad0c8bf901b3b5a.png","PictureDomain":"img53","Name":"進口紅外氣體分析儀哪家好","Type":"RL-U150","Descrip":"西安潤萊儀器儀表有限公司是一家集研發(fā)、制造、銷售和服務為一體的工業(yè)過程氣體分析儀器制造商及解決方案提供商。自公司成立以來，以“技術先導”的經(jīng)營理念，不斷投入研發(fā)，增強技術實力，建立了完善的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)體系，現(xiàn)擁有紅外傳感器和激光傳感器等，研發(fā)了氧氣分析儀、氫氣分析儀、露點儀、紅外氣體分析儀、激光氣體分析儀、天然氣/煤氣熱值分析儀、氮氣分析儀、紫外氣體分析儀、多組分氣體分析儀、成套氣體分析系統(tǒng)以及根據(jù)工況定制的氣體分析系統(tǒng)。作為工業(yè)過程氣體分析儀器制造商及解決方案提供商，潤萊儀器已向科研實驗、環(huán)保、節(jié)","CompanyName":"西安潤萊儀器儀表有限公司","CompanyID":"139633","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"320","City":"西安市","Address":"西安市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"517","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51673872","StandUrl":"/st139633","UpdateTime":"2025/3/12 20:32:02","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103102509","UserID":"152623","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1912831","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"焦龍飛","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"紅外氣體傳感器，紅外氣體分析儀、氧氣分析儀、氫氣分析儀、露點儀，多組分氣體分析儀，煙道氧分析儀。高溫濕度儀，微量氧分析儀，智能露點儀等","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"12000","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/7/30 12:44:25","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18189108361"},{"ID":"2883859","Picture":"mt0008/ca7ba1f0caefaac770645fcee91fb347bbdb16040f272d64ffbaea5885cc5326eb913f23f8365bc7.png","PictureDomain":"img78","Name":"上海市納米級均質(zhì)機批發(fā)","Type":"","Descrip":"微米級均質(zhì)機納米級均質(zhì)機也稱“高壓流體納米勻質(zhì)機”，它可以使懸濁液狀態(tài)的物料在超高壓作用下，高速流過具有特殊內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的容腔（高壓均質(zhì)腔），使物料發(fā)生物理、化學、結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)等一系列變化，終達到均質(zhì)的效果。","CompanyName":"上海錦竹機械設備有限公司","CompanyID":"133459","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"135","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51673862","StandUrl":"/st133459","UpdateTime":"2025/3/12 20:22:03","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102883859","UserID":"146449","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1796996","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"張經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"051236882100","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"均質(zhì)機","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"19024","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/1/6 17:57:26","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13817380365"},{"ID":"3241176","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c732f7a792ebb5327e77bb4d5ae633a5678cbb4819421733cd33b4676562bfc3df09.png","PictureDomain":"img44","Name":"紡織印刷格凌漩渦氣泵4RB哪家好","Type":"","Descrip":"格凌4RB高壓鼓風機漩渦式氣泵基本參數(shù)功率范圍：0.55-7.5kW.壓力范圍：單段為 29-48kPa，雙段為 49-74kPa，三段可達 104kPa.流量范圍：單段 47-165m3/h，雙段 47-170m3/h，三段 170m3/h.結(jié)構(gòu)特點高強度壓鑄鋁材質(zhì)：機殼采用高強度壓鑄鋁材質(zhì)，具有堅固耐用、輕量化、耐腐蝕和散熱性好的特點，能夠適應復雜的工作環(huán)境，延長風機的使用壽命.軸承外置式設計：軸承外置可承受較高的工作溫度，降低因溫度問題導致的故障風險，提高了風機運行的可靠性和穩(wěn)定性，減少維","CompanyName":"江蘇譽風機電科技有限公司","CompanyID":"141675","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"397","City":"溫嶺市","Address":"溫嶺市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"47","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51673861","StandUrl":"/st141675","UpdateTime":"2025/3/12 20:21:57","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103241176","UserID":"154676","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1999205","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"閆經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"旋渦氣泵，高壓風機，防爆風機，透浦式風機，紫光電機，紫光減速機，釋壓閥，消音器，過濾器過濾桶，氣環(huán)式真空泵","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"3870","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2025/1/12 3:59:17","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"18155825817"},{"ID":"3030553","Picture":"00450ea57bc9bc7d9431147c585bd91d3f73a937460b14d4ba4d2e4b45ed61a99de41e91489e1f71.jpg","PictureDomain":"img48","Name":"定制UV老化試驗箱","Type":"KZ-UV-340","Descrip":"UV紫外線老化試驗箱是模擬光照的老化試驗設備，專門模擬產(chǎn)品長期放置在戶外，太陽中的紫外線對其照射所產(chǎn)生的破壞性，只需要幾天或幾周時間，設備可以再現(xiàn)戶外需要數(shù)月或數(shù)年所產(chǎn)生的破壞，看產(chǎn)品是否有退色、變色、亮度下降、粉化、龜裂、變模糊、脆化、強度下降及氧化等現(xiàn)象，同時它還可以再現(xiàn)雨水和露水所產(chǎn)生的破壞。","CompanyName":"東莞市科正儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"129717","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"229","City":"東莞市","Address":"東莞市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"63","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51673860","StandUrl":"/st129717","UpdateTime":"2025/3/12 20:20:00","TodayIsUpdate":"0","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103030553","UserID":"142706","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1711751","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"鄭小姐","TelPhone":"86-0769-89887007","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"恒溫恒濕試驗箱，溫度沖擊試驗箱，高低溫箱，鹽霧試驗機，鹽水浸泡試驗機，跌落機，模擬運輸振動臺，二次元測量儀，烤箱等","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"9363","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/5/17 20:03:57","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13724587140"}]