世界糧食日，你或許不知道的那些知識(shí)

2018-10-16 17:47:22 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34501 評(píng)論

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】10月16日是世界糧食日(World Food Day，縮寫為WFD)，這是是世界各國政府圍繞發(fā)展糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)舉行紀(jì)念活動(dòng)的日子。2018年是第38個(gè)“世界糧食日”。在這個(gè)特殊的日子里，我們更要感念“一粥一飯當(dāng)思來之不易”。
 
　　那么，與此相關(guān)的這些知識(shí)你知道嗎？
 
　　1.據(jù)說一碗飯是4400粒米，每吃一碗飯相當(dāng)于吃下三四叢稻子。雖然人一天只吃兩碗米飯，但是一年下來就要吃掉55公斤大米，這相當(dāng)于一個(gè)成年女人的體重。如果說，一個(gè)成年人每天吃6碗米飯，那么，當(dāng)他84歲時(shí)，就已經(jīng)吃掉了13797公斤大米，這相當(dāng)于4.6公頃——差不多是7個(gè)足球場(chǎng)的稻田產(chǎn)出。
 
　　2.聯(lián)合國人口活動(dòng)基金組織80年代初宣稱，當(dāng)時(shí)世界谷物產(chǎn)量可以養(yǎng)活60億人口。但事實(shí)上就在同一時(shí)期，*人口只有45億左右，可是卻有4.5億人挨餓。
 
　　3.1995年，世界人口增長(zhǎng)到57億，挨餓人口數(shù)字增加到10億；1972年，由于連續(xù)兩年氣候異常造成的世界性糧食歉收，加上前蘇聯(lián)大量搶購谷物，出現(xiàn)了世界性糧食危機(jī)；1998年我國谷物、棉花，肉類的產(chǎn)量均占世界位，可是按人口平均，人均有糧食僅362公斤，比世界平均水平還低。更令人感慨的是，人均占有糧食竟比唐宋時(shí)代還少了200多公斤。
 
　　4.到2050年，人口預(yù)期達(dá)到90億，糧食產(chǎn)量必須增長(zhǎng)60%才能養(yǎng)活全部人口，到2050年糧食產(chǎn)量則須達(dá)到40.2億噸。這將是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。
 
　　5.世界上絕大多數(shù)饑餓人口(7.91億)生活在發(fā)展中區(qū)域。食物不足人口多的區(qū)域是南亞，達(dá)2.95億人。食物不足發(fā)生率高區(qū)域是非洲撒哈拉以南地區(qū)，涉及約四分之一非洲人口，達(dá)2.23億人。
 
　　6.在發(fā)展中國家，因?yàn)轲囸I和疾病，幾乎每15個(gè)兒童中就有一人活不過5歲。每年約有500萬5歲以下兒童死于營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良和相關(guān)疾病。
 
　　7.所有食物在得到人們消費(fèi)之前，就有多達(dá)1/3遭到損失或浪費(fèi)。在中國，每年被倒掉的食物相當(dāng)于2億多人一年的口糧。解決糧食浪費(fèi)問題，是中國未來糧食安全的一大挑戰(zhàn)。
 
　　8.水稻成為米飯中間的過程繁雜。春耕期，在播種之前的首要任務(wù)就是準(zhǔn)備秧田，對(duì)土壤進(jìn)行疏松工作。接下來就是篩選出可以用來育秧的稻種，將發(fā)出嫩芽的稻種撒在經(jīng)過疏松工作后又平又軟的秧田里，等待他們生長(zhǎng)。此后，便是的插秧。漫長(zhǎng)的水稻生長(zhǎng)期，需要時(shí)不時(shí)地拔除雜草，防治病蟲害。終于迎來了豐收的時(shí)刻，之后的晾曬又為農(nóng)民們?cè)鎏砹诵碌臒?。之后還要經(jīng)過去殼碾米，層層把關(guān)，后我們才能夠遲到香噴噴的米飯。
 
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