嚴(yán)格把關(guān)資本下鄉(xiāng)，防范“熱投資、冷農(nóng)民”

2019-09-19 17:00:56 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：44441 評論

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】此前，農(nóng)機網(wǎng)發(fā)布了文章《洪水猛獸還是謙謙君子？資本下鄉(xiāng)到底是富了農(nóng)民還是肥了資本》收到了眾多網(wǎng)友評論，大多數(shù)人顯然對資本下鄉(xiāng)仍持質(zhì)疑觀望態(tài)度。而一份圍繞四川省工商資本下鄉(xiāng)的調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)也顯示，約有66.7%的人認(rèn)為，工商資本下鄉(xiāng)并沒有使自己家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況得到明顯改善，部分產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展并未能反哺農(nóng)民。
 
　　以下是部分網(wǎng)友評論：
 
　　@末代農(nóng)民：“資本逐利，農(nóng)民淳樸，無奸不商，你說奸商會白白讓利給農(nóng)民嗎？”
 
　　@ifiot：“工業(yè)化時資本投資到煤，鋼鐵，鋁，銅，化工，賺得盆滿缽滿，環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重，開始整治嚴(yán)查污染企業(yè)。資本轉(zhuǎn)到房地產(chǎn)，房價大漲，現(xiàn)在房價開始下滑。資本家的目標(biāo)開始轉(zhuǎn)向農(nóng)村，看來農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品要大漲價了？用不起到住不起，快要吃不起了。”
 
　　.......
 
　　在文章中，農(nóng)機網(wǎng)也提到了資本下鄉(xiāng)帶來的跑馬圈地、不事稼穡現(xiàn)象。在工商資本下鄉(xiāng)，推動城鄉(xiāng)要素自由流動、平等交換，解決農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展資金瓶頸問題的同時，亂象也常見諸報道：申報項目后卻無心經(jīng)營，以此謀取國家涉農(nóng)補助和項目扶持資金；土地流轉(zhuǎn)者單方“毀約”中途棄耕“跑路”……
 
　　面對社會資本參與鄉(xiāng)村振興的過程中出現(xiàn)的“熱投資、冷農(nóng)民”的現(xiàn)象，如何讓兩者實現(xiàn)雙贏是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。因此，嚴(yán)格把關(guān)工商資本下鄉(xiāng)、提高農(nóng)民知曉參與度、建立利益分享增長機制顯得尤為重要。
 
　　做好守門人：嚴(yán)格把握資本下鄉(xiāng)的“三道檻”
 
　　制度檻：加強對資本下鄉(xiāng)的引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)督，《關(guān)于促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)振興的指導(dǎo)意見》，明確要提出有序引導(dǎo)工商資本下鄉(xiāng)，堅持互惠互利，優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境，引導(dǎo)工商資本到鄉(xiāng)村投資興辦農(nóng)民參與度高、受益面廣的鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)，支持發(fā)展適合規(guī)?；s化經(jīng)營的種養(yǎng)業(yè)。工商資本進(jìn)入鄉(xiāng)村，要依法依規(guī)開發(fā)利用農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村資源，不得違規(guī)占用耕地從事非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，不能侵害農(nóng)民財產(chǎn)權(quán)益。
 
　　信貸檻：為鼓勵資本下鄉(xiāng)，加大對鄉(xiāng)村振興的支持力度，國家出臺了多項關(guān)于農(nóng)村金融的稅收優(yōu)惠政策，如《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步明確全面推開營改增試點金融業(yè)有關(guān)政策的通知》等文件，明確了三農(nóng)金融事業(yè)部涉農(nóng)貸款利息收入增值稅優(yōu)惠、金融機構(gòu)涉農(nóng)金融服務(wù)收入增值稅優(yōu)惠、普惠型涉農(nóng)金融服務(wù)增值稅優(yōu)惠等優(yōu)惠政策，對促進(jìn)資本下鄉(xiāng)和降低農(nóng)村融資成本，起到了積極的推動作用。
 
　　風(fēng)險檻：《關(guān)于做好整村流轉(zhuǎn)農(nóng)戶承包地風(fēng)險防范工作的通知》，要求各地正確認(rèn)識整村流轉(zhuǎn)農(nóng)戶承包地存在的風(fēng)險，建立風(fēng)險防范機制，對一些風(fēng)險較高的項目，探索按照一定時限或按一定比例繳納風(fēng)險保障金。同時，要求各地按照《農(nóng)村土地承包法》規(guī)定，建立工商企業(yè)等社會資本通過流轉(zhuǎn)取得土地經(jīng)營權(quán)的資格審查、項目審核和風(fēng)險防范制度，對受讓方農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營能力或者資質(zhì)等作出明確規(guī)定。
 
　　提高農(nóng)民知曉參與程度，建立利益分享增長機制
 
　　農(nóng)民抗風(fēng)險能力弱很大程度上是由于其市場信息接收渠道單一、信息流通速度慢、分析信息能力弱所導(dǎo)致的，提高農(nóng)民知曉參與度，從根源上出發(fā)保障農(nóng)民權(quán)益。
 
　　《關(guān)于加強城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)協(xié)商的意見》發(fā)布，指導(dǎo)各地按照協(xié)商于民、協(xié)商為民的要求，圍繞鄉(xiāng)村振興各項資金、項目落地等大力推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)協(xié)商，拓寬協(xié)商范圍和渠道，豐富協(xié)商內(nèi)容和形式，充分保障農(nóng)民群眾的知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、表達(dá)權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)，更好地發(fā)揮農(nóng)民群眾的主體作用。
 
　　同時，隨著資本下鄉(xiāng)的愈演愈烈，越來越多的人意識到，工商資本下鄉(xiāng)很多時候其實本質(zhì)是“熱投資、冷農(nóng)民”，兩者之間的利益難以得到有效平衡。建立收益分享增長機制，資本與農(nóng)民成為利益共同體，互利共贏。
 
　　2017年發(fā)布的《關(guān)于加快構(gòu)建政策體系培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體的意見》明確要求，進(jìn)一步完善訂單帶動、利潤返還、股份合作等新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體與農(nóng)民的利益聯(lián)結(jié)機制，讓農(nóng)民成為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的參與者、受益者，防止被擠出、受損害。2019年發(fā)布《關(guān)于促進(jìn)小農(nóng)戶與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有機銜接的意見》明確要求，鼓勵通過公司+農(nóng)戶、公司+農(nóng)民合作社+農(nóng)戶等方式，延長產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、保障供應(yīng)鏈、完善利益鏈、將小農(nóng)戶納入現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系。
 
　　結(jié)語：“綠水青山，就是金山銀山”，這是要我們把農(nóng)村自然資源轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦邇r值、可持續(xù)開發(fā)資源，這可以通過工商資本來實現(xiàn)。與此同時，還需要注意不要讓“靠山吃山”的農(nóng)民誤把“虛山假山”當(dāng)作“金山銀山”。

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