“人造肉”：還將回歸現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)智慧化發(fā)展本身

2019-09-20 17:40:32 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：52204 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】或許是受今年多地區(qū)“豬瘟”的影響，掀起“人造肉”的熱潮，例如今年中秋節(jié)新推出的“人造肉月餅”成為今年月餅界新夯的口味。本身“人造肉”就自帶流量，以植物蛋白合成的“人造肉”隨著制造公司Beyond Meat上市納斯達(dá)克，并實現(xiàn)上市首日大漲163%，早已成為焦點。這回“人造肉”+月餅的組合更是抓人眼球。中秋節(jié)前，一款自稱“口味仿照上海鮮肉月餅，自評能達(dá)到70%的仿真度”的豌豆蛋白素肉月餅在電商平臺上架后，限量3000盒，不到三天的時間里就已銷售過半。
 
　　而隨著今年3月份開始，我國豬肉價格的持續(xù)上漲，加之資本市場的炒作，“人造肉”似乎已經(jīng)成為未來的食品主流方向。但事實上，大部分人對于植物蛋白是否能夠代替人類賴以生存的肉食依然是持有懷疑態(tài)度的，尤其是在營養(yǎng)、口感、心理接受程序上更是對“人造肉”產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑。
 
　　面對種種食物挑戰(zhàn)，我們又該如何面對？
 
　　“人造肉”是噱頭還是未來趨勢？還將回歸農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展本身
 
　　就筆者看來，不論“人造肉”是資本刻意宣揚的噱頭還是確實是未來趨勢，都離不開農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，而智慧農(nóng)業(yè)更是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要趨勢。
 
　　在肉類生產(chǎn)總成本中，飼料成本比重巨大，甚至可占據(jù)60%-70%，而植物蛋白合成“人造肉”的主要原料——大豆的種植同樣需要消耗大片耕地。我國的耕地資源整體呈“人均耕地少，耕地少，耕地后備資源少”的特點，更需十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切實保護(hù)耕地。在此背景下，尋求更、智慧自動的農(nóng)業(yè)種植養(yǎng)殖方式勢在必行。
 
　　以養(yǎng)殖所需的飼料添加劑為例，在實際生產(chǎn)中，飼料原料比如大豆、小麥等的營養(yǎng)成分，常常會受到氣候、遺傳、土壤和種植管理等因素的影響。因此，要實現(xiàn)飼料的配比，就需要基于大數(shù)據(jù)的分析實驗和相關(guān)專業(yè)知識。同樣通過大數(shù)據(jù)還可以記錄動物的健康和營養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)狀況，運用軟件、大數(shù)據(jù)分析來指導(dǎo)飼養(yǎng)，為飼料配方提供基于數(shù)據(jù)和專業(yè)知識的推薦建議，并重點關(guān)注提升畜禽肉質(zhì)。
 
　　不僅僅只有基于農(nóng)業(yè)數(shù)字模型經(jīng)驗的“養(yǎng)殖”在智慧農(nóng)業(yè)的藍(lán)圖中，對于種植業(yè)發(fā)展來說，數(shù)據(jù)管理同樣重要。以發(fā)達(dá)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)化農(nóng)業(yè)而聞名的荷蘭，就非常重視信息化操作和田間監(jiān)測、大數(shù)據(jù)收集。通過對實時數(shù)據(jù)的收集，利用信息化控制溫室的各種自動化操作和防控，及時調(diào)整屋頂噴淋、補(bǔ)光、二氧化碳補(bǔ)充、加熱或者降溫等措施，確保農(nóng)作物的科學(xué)生長。
 
　　發(fā)展智慧農(nóng)業(yè)：智慧農(nóng)機(jī)成*的“利器”
 
　　如果說，智慧農(nóng)業(yè)是當(dāng)前我國現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展行之有效的主要解決方案的話，那么，智慧農(nóng)機(jī)就是*的“利器”。
 
　　土地資源是人類生存的基本資料和勞動對象，為順應(yīng)機(jī)械化作業(yè)要求，從而達(dá)到改善農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)條件的目的。在這方面，重慶丘陵耕地宜機(jī)化改造做出了有益探索，通過整理許多巴掌田、雞窩地也能夠進(jìn)行大中型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械作業(yè)，為丘陵山區(qū)開展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)、推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化提供了有價值的經(jīng)驗。
 
　　而為了保護(hù)有限的耕地資源，按照農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝融合的原則，黑龍江農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)人員則通過多年分區(qū)試驗，對深松機(jī)、秸稈還田機(jī)、免耕播種機(jī)、植保機(jī)、秸稈處理機(jī)、玉米收獲機(jī)等進(jìn)行了大量試驗示范篩選配套集成，篩選出適應(yīng)黑龍江保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)的配套裝備。
 
　　此外，在日常的具體生產(chǎn)過程中，施肥施藥機(jī)械等農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械加裝能夠感知作物高度、傾斜度、密度的傳感器，自動感知作物長勢，自動調(diào)節(jié)作業(yè)機(jī)械的高度、傾斜度、肥藥噴嘴開關(guān)等，確保用肥用藥。
 
　　從無人駕駛拖拉機(jī)高速精量播種，到使用無人機(jī)遙感技術(shù)測試農(nóng)作物長勢、監(jiān)測土壤肥力，再到變量施肥、變量施藥、水肥一體化，后實現(xiàn)實時測產(chǎn)的智能化收獲，智能化農(nóng)機(jī)裝備成現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新亮點。

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