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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:下一步將抓緊出臺(tái)農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)管理辦法,進(jìn)一步完善承包土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度體系

2021-01-28 11:12:09 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:32505 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:實(shí)行以家庭承包經(jīng)營為基礎(chǔ)、統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的雙層經(jīng)營體制,是我國農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度,是黨的農(nóng)村政策基石。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 近日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)布對(duì)李葉紅代表意見建議的答復(fù),針對(duì)代表提出的關(guān)于調(diào)整農(nóng)村土地承包及流轉(zhuǎn)政策的意見建議作出了回復(fù)。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示,實(shí)行以家庭承包經(jīng)營為基礎(chǔ)、統(tǒng)分結(jié)合的雙層經(jīng)營體制,是我國農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度,是黨的農(nóng)村政策基石。自實(shí)行家庭承包經(jīng)營以來,黨中央、國務(wù)院堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村土地承包關(guān)系,先后兩次延長(zhǎng)承包期限,不斷健全相關(guān)制度和政策體系,依法維護(hù)農(nóng)民承包土地的各項(xiàng)權(quán)利。黨的十九大報(bào)告提出“第二輪土地承包到期后再延長(zhǎng)三十年”,既順應(yīng)了廣大農(nóng)民群眾和新型經(jīng)營主體的期盼,也體現(xiàn)了中央穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村土地承包關(guān)系的一貫方針。
 
  為切實(shí)穩(wěn)定土地承包關(guān)系,維護(hù)好農(nóng)民的土地承包權(quán)益,《民法典》《農(nóng)村土地承包法》都明確規(guī)定:承包期內(nèi)發(fā)包方不得調(diào)整農(nóng)戶承包地。按照現(xiàn)行法律政策,農(nóng)村土地承包采取集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織內(nèi)部的家庭承包方式,以農(nóng)戶為單位進(jìn)行,在集體統(tǒng)一組織承包的時(shí)點(diǎn)上,本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的農(nóng)戶平等地享有承包土地的權(quán)利,承包結(jié)果是公平的,農(nóng)民群眾是認(rèn)可的。隨著時(shí)間推移和家庭人口變化,會(huì)出現(xiàn)農(nóng)戶間人均承包地占有差異。但承包期內(nèi),作為本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員的農(nóng)戶家庭成員共同享有對(duì)承包地的占有、使用、收益權(quán)利,不存在新增家庭成員無地問題。按照家庭人員變化調(diào)整承包地,不符合國家農(nóng)村土地承包法律政策,不利于保持土地承包關(guān)系穩(wěn)定。如果采用調(diào)整其他農(nóng)戶承包地的辦法解決人地矛盾,農(nóng)村就會(huì)無休止地調(diào)地,承包關(guān)系就很難穩(wěn)定下來,不僅會(huì)侵害其他農(nóng)戶土地承包權(quán)益,也會(huì)制約農(nóng)戶對(duì)土地的穩(wěn)定投入,影響農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。因此,在承包期內(nèi),應(yīng)按照《農(nóng)村土地承包法》的規(guī)定,用集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織依法預(yù)留的機(jī)動(dòng)地、依法開墾等方式增加的土地、承包方自愿依法交回的土地等,按照公平合理的原則,妥善解決新增人口要地問題。對(duì)確因缺地導(dǎo)致生活貧困的,應(yīng)當(dāng)將該戶農(nóng)民納入農(nóng)村低生活保障和貧困救助體系,并幫助轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。對(duì)進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)戶承包地,法律規(guī)定國家保護(hù)進(jìn)城農(nóng)戶的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán);不得以退出土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)作為農(nóng)戶進(jìn)城落戶的條件;承包期內(nèi),承包農(nóng)戶進(jìn)城落戶的,可引導(dǎo)支持其按照自愿有償原則依法在本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)讓土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)或者將承包地交回發(fā)包方,也可以鼓勵(lì)其流轉(zhuǎn)土地經(jīng)營權(quán)。
 
  關(guān)于土地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)。2014年,中辦國辦印發(fā)《關(guān)于引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營權(quán)有序流轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營的意見》,明確了土地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的基本原則、主要目標(biāo)、發(fā)展方向和保障措施。2016年,中辦國辦印發(fā)《關(guān)于完善農(nóng)村土地所有權(quán)承包權(quán)經(jīng)營權(quán)分置辦法的意見》,對(duì)承包地“三權(quán)”分置作出系統(tǒng)全面的制度安排,提出加快放活土地經(jīng)營權(quán),建立健全土地流轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)范管理制度。2018年修訂的《農(nóng)村土地承包法》第十條規(guī)定,國家保護(hù)承包方依法、自愿、有償流轉(zhuǎn)土地經(jīng)營權(quán),保護(hù)土地經(jīng)營權(quán)人的合法權(quán)益,任何組織和個(gè)人不得侵犯。同時(shí),《農(nóng)村土地承包法》第五節(jié)專章規(guī)定了土地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的原則、形式、合同內(nèi)容,明確要求建立工商企業(yè)等社會(huì)資本流轉(zhuǎn)土地的監(jiān)管和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范制度等。下一步,我部將認(rèn)真貫徹落實(shí)《農(nóng)村土地承包法》,抓緊出臺(tái)農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)管理辦法,指導(dǎo)各地制定實(shí)施細(xì)則,進(jìn)一步完善承包土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度體系,引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村土地經(jīng)營權(quán)有序流轉(zhuǎn)。
 

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