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生豬價(jià)格波動(dòng)、養(yǎng)殖戶虧損，國家再出臺(tái)“重磅”穩(wěn)定政策

2021-08-12 17:08:51 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：56755 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：當(dāng)前，豬肉在人們的日常飲食中占據(jù)重要位置，豬肉價(jià)格的每次大幅波動(dòng)都會(huì)引起社會(huì)的關(guān)注。豬肉價(jià)格不僅關(guān)系消費(fèi)者，還與養(yǎng)殖戶的盈虧息息相關(guān)。豬肉價(jià)格的反復(fù)波動(dòng)即影響居民日常消費(fèi)，也不利于產(chǎn)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】當(dāng)前，豬肉在人們的日常飲食中占據(jù)重要位置，豬肉價(jià)格的每次大幅波動(dòng)都會(huì)引起社會(huì)的關(guān)注。豬肉價(jià)格不僅關(guān)系消費(fèi)者，還與養(yǎng)殖戶的盈虧息息相關(guān)。豬肉價(jià)格的反復(fù)波動(dòng)即影響居民日常消費(fèi)，也不利于產(chǎn)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
 
　　2019年，我國生豬產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重下滑，豬肉價(jià)格大幅上漲，引起了社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注。針對(duì)生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)這一嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，國家出臺(tái)了一系列穩(wěn)定生豬生產(chǎn)、保障市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)的政策措施，在2020年逐步將生豬生產(chǎn)恢復(fù)到了常年水平。但今年4月以來，國內(nèi)生豬價(jià)格開始震蕩下跌，行業(yè)盈利也大幅縮水，部分養(yǎng)殖戶陷入了虧損狀態(tài)。這便指向了行業(yè)中的“豬周期”現(xiàn)象：肉價(jià)高——母豬存欄量大增——生豬供應(yīng)增加——肉價(jià)下跌——養(yǎng)殖戶虧損——大量淘汰母豬——生豬供應(yīng)減少——肉價(jià)上漲。
 

 

　　豬肉價(jià)格的大起大落嚴(yán)重影響居民消費(fèi)和行業(yè)健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，要緩解“豬周期”的負(fù)面影響，穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)能是重要因素。對(duì)此，8月6日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、國家發(fā)展改革委、財(cái)政部、生態(tài)環(huán)境部、商務(wù)部、銀保監(jiān)會(huì)6部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布了《關(guān)于促進(jìn)生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的意見》，旨在鞏固生豬產(chǎn)能恢復(fù)成果，防止大幅波動(dòng)，不斷提升生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)質(zhì)量、效益和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，形成長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的豬肉供應(yīng)安全保障能力，促進(jìn)生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。
 
　　文件主要內(nèi)容包括：穩(wěn)定生豬貸款政策、完善生豬政策性保險(xiǎn)；保持能繁母豬合理存欄水平，穩(wěn)定規(guī)模豬場(chǎng)存量；協(xié)同推進(jìn)規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)和中小養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(戶)發(fā)展，加快養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用；實(shí)施生豬良種補(bǔ)貼項(xiàng)目、加快品種改良進(jìn)程等。并提出了“用5—10年時(shí)間，基本形成生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展新格局，市場(chǎng)周期性波動(dòng)得到有效緩解，豬肉供應(yīng)安全保障能力持續(xù)增強(qiáng)，自給率保持在95%左右”的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。
 
　　在推進(jìn)生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化方面，文件明確指出，繼續(xù)實(shí)施農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策，對(duì)生豬養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)（戶）購置自動(dòng)飼喂、環(huán)境控制、疫病防控、廢棄物處理等農(nóng)機(jī)裝備給予積極支持。以還田利用為重點(diǎn)，支持整縣實(shí)施糞污資源化利用項(xiàng)目，推進(jìn)綠色種養(yǎng)循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)試點(diǎn)。推行養(yǎng)殖糞污養(yǎng)分平衡管理制度。鼓勵(lì)在規(guī)模種植基地周邊建設(shè)與消納能力相配套的養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(戶)，促進(jìn)種養(yǎng)良性循環(huán)。加快培育社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織，推動(dòng)養(yǎng)殖糞污就近就地利用，促進(jìn)綠色循環(huán)發(fā)展。
 
　　在生豬貸款方面，文件指出，銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)要及時(shí)總結(jié)各地試點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加快推廣土地經(jīng)營權(quán)、養(yǎng)殖圈舍、大型養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械和生豬活體抵押貸款；穩(wěn)定規(guī)模豬場(chǎng)存量方面，將年出欄500頭以上的規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(戶)納入全國生豬養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)備案，動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)其生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營情況，保持規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(戶)數(shù)量總體穩(wěn)定。不得違法拆除規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)(戶)，確需拆除的，各地要安排養(yǎng)殖用地支持其異地重建，并給予合理經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償。
 
　　結(jié)語：我國是生豬生產(chǎn)大國和豬肉消費(fèi)大國，穩(wěn)定生豬產(chǎn)能和豬肉價(jià)格意義重大。此次六部門聯(lián)合“出手”不同以往但又十分必要，從整體上提高生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化水平、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)布局規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)豬肉供求關(guān)系的長(zhǎng)期相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。

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