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【豐收已成定局】秋糧收獲近八成,今年又是一個豐收年

2021-10-21 17:47:48 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量:55534 評論

導(dǎo)讀:根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息,目前夏糧、早稻已經(jīng)豐收到手,截至10月19日,全國秋糧收獲近八成,近期的連陰雨對產(chǎn)量影響總體有限,秋糧增產(chǎn)已成定局。全年糧食產(chǎn)量有望再創(chuàng)歷史新高,連續(xù)7年保持在1.3萬億斤以上。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 眾所周知,我國糧食總產(chǎn)量已連續(xù)6年保持在1.3萬億斤以上。而今年夏秋北方多個省份遭遇連續(xù)強降雨導(dǎo)致糧食生產(chǎn)受到一定影響,那么今年是夠還能獲得豐收?
 
  根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息,目前夏糧、早稻已經(jīng)豐收到手,截至10月19日,全國秋糧收獲近八成,近期的連陰雨對產(chǎn)量影響總體有限,秋糧增產(chǎn)已成定局。全年糧食產(chǎn)量有望再創(chuàng)歷史新高,連續(xù)7年保持在1.3萬億斤以上。
 

 

  中西部頻繁降雨影響有限,其他地區(qū)實現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)
 
  連日來,北方多個省份的強降雨牽動著社會各界的心。特別是9月下旬以來兩輪強降雨過程給北方的秋收造成了一定影響。山西省受連續(xù)大面積強降雨影響,全省大部地區(qū)在田作物受災(zāi)、畜禽圈舍倒塌、農(nóng)田及設(shè)施毀損,秋收秋種秋耕推遲。山西省應(yīng)急管理廳通報顯示,近期嚴(yán)重洪澇災(zāi)害已致全省284.96萬畝農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)。
 
  根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部消息,截至目前全國秋糧收獲75%,比常年慢了4個百分點,秋雨影響秋收主要在中西部的黃淮海和西北地區(qū),對東北、華南、江南影響較小。受秋雨影響的地區(qū),由于土壤過濕,常規(guī)機械不能下地,需要把輪式收割機改成履帶式,甚至有些需要人工搶收,導(dǎo)致秋收進度慢同時增加了收獲成本。雖然這些地區(qū)有一定減產(chǎn),但未受降雨影響的東北、華南、江南等地,多數(shù)是增產(chǎn)的,特別是東北四省區(qū)增長較多。因此總體來說,全國秋糧是增產(chǎn)的。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示,今年秋糧豐收有三個因素:一是秋糧的播種面積穩(wěn)中有增,這是豐收的基礎(chǔ);二是高產(chǎn)作物玉米面積增加比較多,加上光溫水匹配較好,單產(chǎn)是提高的,這是豐收的關(guān)鍵;三是河南、山西、陜西大家都比較關(guān)注,這些地方局部災(zāi)情確實很重,是多年少有的,重災(zāi)的農(nóng)戶甚至是絕收的,但是總的看,全國農(nóng)業(yè)受災(zāi)程度輕于常年。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,今年農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)面積1億畝左右,近10年平均每年農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)3.6億畝,從受災(zāi)面積和受災(zāi)程度看,今年農(nóng)業(yè)的災(zāi)情應(yīng)該是近10年最輕的一年。
 
  北方部分地區(qū)秋糧減產(chǎn)影響有限,加之今年夏糧、早稻合計增產(chǎn)了74億斤,因此可以說,目前全年糧食豐收已成定局,可實現(xiàn)年初確定的糧食產(chǎn)量保持在1.3萬億斤以上的預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
 
  減損就是增產(chǎn),機收減損助力糧食豐收
 
  機收是糧食收獲的主要方式,當(dāng)前我國主糧的機收率已達(dá)到較高水平,在耕地資源有限、增加播種面積比較困難的情況下,降低機收損耗是增加糧食產(chǎn)量、保障國家糧食安全的重要途徑。今年,各地開展糧食機收減損行動,通過舉辦“機收減損大比武”、機收減損技術(shù)培訓(xùn)等多種活動,不斷強化宣傳動員、機手培訓(xùn)、技術(shù)指導(dǎo)、裝備升級、質(zhì)量管理、政策引導(dǎo)及服務(wù)保障,想方設(shè)法提高機收減損效率,全方位提升糧食收獲質(zhì)量。
 
  今年早稻已實現(xiàn)增產(chǎn),機收減損成效也較為明顯。根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部數(shù)據(jù),通過南方早稻機收減損大比武得出結(jié)果,機收損失率普遍在1.2%-2.5%區(qū)間,均低于現(xiàn)行作業(yè)質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。各主產(chǎn)縣農(nóng)機部門會同第三方通過隨機選取地塊實地抽查顯示,早稻機收損失率平原區(qū)平均為2.7%,丘陵區(qū)為3.5%,大部分比常年降低1個百分點左右。7省(區(qū))早稻平均損失率均控制在3%以內(nèi)。
 
  目前,秋糧雖然尚未收獲完畢,但單產(chǎn)的提高是秋糧豐收的關(guān)鍵,加上機收減損的助力,整體實現(xiàn)豐收已是定局。等全國秋收結(jié)束,全年糧食產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)出爐,本網(wǎng)將繼續(xù)報道,歡迎持續(xù)關(guān)注。
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