今日要聞

（三）國四的熱鬧與愛科的門道

2022-12-02 08:43:37 來源：愛科中國 閱讀量：12764 評論

導讀：巧了，愛科動力在1942年成立之初，就是作為芬蘭的第二飛機發(fā)動機修造廠而建立的。

　　【農機網 明星企業(yè)】有心的人看到中間的圖標就知道這倆是個啥發(fā)動機了。沒錯，它就是那家只生產農用柴油發(fā)動機的北歐廠家：愛科動力。為什么要強調只生產農用發(fā)動機呢，有人會認為只要是柴油發(fā)動機不就好了么。其實不然，中國有句俗話：術業(yè)有專攻，就很好的回答了這個問題。

　　一款發(fā)動機從設計、開發(fā)再到定型，它首先得有理念。理念得跟隨需求走，而道路用柴油機和非道路用柴油機它們的需求是有非常大不同的，更何況拖拉機只是非道路中的一種。比如：農機作業(yè)速度很低，更需要低速下的高扭矩且兼顧燃油效率；在農機上發(fā)動機是整車框架的一部分，作業(yè)時機體的承載力和扭曲力很大；相對來說留給散熱組件的空間很小等等，這些都不是柴油發(fā)動機的共性需求，需要特殊的預先考慮。
 
　　這種理念在戰(zhàn)斗機領域特別明顯，任何一款戰(zhàn)斗機都有個明確的戰(zhàn)場需求，也就是定位，不可能一款飛機什么都優(yōu)秀。在我看來，什么都行大概也就等于什么都不行。說到戰(zhàn)斗機，我想到一句名言，這句話是一個著名的飛機設計師說的，大意是：性能出色的飛機一定是非常漂亮的。我想這句話在農機上同樣適用，顏值有時候也是第一生產力。而愛科農機全系列都為特有的麥賽紅顏色，簡稱：紅顏，勿需沖冠只待知音。
 
　　巧了，愛科動力在1942年成立之初，就是作為芬蘭的第二飛機發(fā)動機修造廠而建立的。畢竟是干飛機的，那么可以說是起點非常的高，出場即巔峰。但1942年是個非常特殊的時期，隨著這個時期的結束，它也必須轉行。為了生存，順帶著在1946年就開始制造起了柴油機。
 
1942年飛機修造廠
 
40年代末的8缸12升內燃機180-250馬力
 
　　從50年代，就開始研發(fā)生產配套柴油機到農業(yè)拖拉機上，直至今日。該公司的主生產基地就在那個我們國人眾所皆知的城市：諾基亞市。對的，就是那個可以砸核桃的諾基亞，愛科動力的堅實性和諾基亞是一樣一樣的，就是耐造。之后幾十年中，該公司也是幾經易主(說明專一于農機的不易)，最后被全球農機巨子之一的愛科集團在2007年收購，農機對農機，專一對專一，算是真正找到了歸宿。為了對這段良緣有所表示，我們以區(qū)區(qū)一圖略表敬意。
 
前世已結，今生待敘。
 
　　愛科動力的柴油機排量和馬力段分布較廣，太大的一時間難以掌握和消化，我們就先從小一點的開始。這個小一點的是4缸4.4L，下文簡稱小四。
 
　　首先回到排放問題，得先講一句，所有的國四愛科動力都采用了SCR，也就是發(fā)動機盡管燒，排氣管盡管埋的路線。在2016年愛科中國工廠投產之初，小四就已經開始在常州工廠生產了，并且發(fā)往愛科全球各個需要的地方。這句話怎么理解呢？愛科是全球性公司，在全球有好幾個整機及發(fā)動機生產基地，整機歸整機，發(fā)動機歸發(fā)動機，它不是一一對應和一一配套的，而是哪有需要就發(fā)往哪兒。
 
　　這樣就形成一個局面，中國常州工廠生產的小四，除了有不同馬力更是有不同的排放。歐洲在2015年就實施歐四標準了，約等于我們的國四。也就是說，從小四2016年在常州開始生產起，其出口歐洲的版本就已經是采用234（尿素）后處理路線了，比國內國四排放標準的實施整整早了7年。
 
　　最近行業(yè)里提到國四都是說準備好了，那怎么形容愛科動力的發(fā)動機呢？用了7年的時間不是在準備，而是用歐洲市場驗證改進了5年，可以說是準備的都快睡著了。細心的觀眾可能發(fā)現，不是驗證7年么，怎么變5年了。
 
　　因為現在歐洲已經是歐五了，我們驗證歐五也驗證了2年了，再次進入待機狀態(tài)。在國內的農機企業(yè)關于發(fā)動機的排放，還有誰是如此的富裕？正可謂謀定而動方能篤行以致遠。
 

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