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當前南方玉米防澇抗災技術意見

2024-06-24 08:48:50 來源：全國農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心 閱讀量：18680 評論

導讀：為確保玉米安全生產，農業(yè)農村部玉米專家指導組會同全國農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心以“排澇散墑、扶苗清株、追肥促長、防控病蟲、補種改種”為重點，提出南方玉米防澇抗災技術意見。

　　【農機網 科技創(chuàng)新】 目前，西南及南方地區(qū)已進入汛期，自然災害發(fā)生頻率高，據氣象預測未來幾天江漢、江淮、江南北部和西部、廣西北部、貴州等地有中到大雨，部分地區(qū)有暴雨，局地大暴雨，伴有短時強降水、局地雷暴大風等強對流天氣。為確保玉米安全生產，農業(yè)農村部玉米專家指導組會同全國農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心以“排澇散墑、扶苗清株、追肥促長、防控病蟲、補種改種”為重點，提出南方玉米防澇抗災技術意見。
 
　　及時排澇散墑
 
　　對于低洼易澇地塊，應提早開溝，挖好積水坑，做好排水準備。雨后及時疏通溝渠，促進排水。對積水地塊可采用機械強排等方式，及時搶排積水，除水降漬。做好鏟趟散墑，促進玉米根系和植株恢復生長，防止因積水造成早衰、死苗等。
 
　　分類扶苗清株
 
　　根據暴雨大風后田間倒伏情況，加強分類管理。對倒伏較輕地塊，一般不必扶直，植株可自然直立起來。對根倒、莖倒嚴重，特別是吐絲后匍匐倒地的地塊，有條件的及時人工扶直，并在根部培土。對莖折地塊，受災較輕的，可及時清出折斷植株；受災嚴重的，視情況及時青貯保產。
 
　　退水追肥促長
 
　　對受澇田塊，災后及時管理，排水時注意洗苗，及時清除爛葉、黃葉，恢復葉片光合機能。排水后迅速足量追肥1—2次，以速效氮肥為主，配合施用磷鉀肥和微肥，并視情況噴施植物生長調節(jié)劑和葉面肥，加強養(yǎng)分供給，促進植株恢復生長。及時中耕鋤劃，破除土壤板結，提高透氣性，兼顧除草。
 
　　防控病蟲害流行
 
　　漬水后玉米群體內濕度較大，植株有傷口，易于病害發(fā)生，要加強監(jiān)測，重點是玉米細菌性病害、褐斑病、葉斑病等，做到早發(fā)現早防控。可適當添加施用蕓苔素內脂，增加植株抗逆性，提高防治效果。雨熱同步易造成蟲害發(fā)生，重點防控草地貪夜蛾、玉米螟等蟲害，選用適宜藥劑噴施，視發(fā)病情況隔7—10天再噴1次。
 
　　補種改種減損失
 
　　對淹水嚴重但不絕產的地塊，玉米可改作青貯。對受災較重或絕收地塊，提早準備救災種子，視情況及時改種生育期短的其他作物，減少損失。

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