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全國農(nóng)技中心組織8月全國大豆生產(chǎn)技術(shù)會商

2024-09-10 09:09:50 來源:全國農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量:16772 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近日,全國農(nóng)技中心組織大豆主產(chǎn)省農(nóng)技推廣部門技術(shù)骨干和區(qū)域?qū)<议_展技術(shù)會商。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 近日,全國農(nóng)技中心組織大豆主產(chǎn)省農(nóng)技推廣部門技術(shù)骨干和區(qū)域?qū)<议_展技術(shù)會商,并綜合100個大豆單產(chǎn)提升整建制推進(jìn)縣苗情抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),形成8月大豆生產(chǎn)技術(shù)會商報告如下。
 
  苗情長勢
 
  目前,北方春大豆和南方夏大豆均已進(jìn)入結(jié)莢鼓粒期,長勢良好,南方春大豆已全面進(jìn)入收獲期。分區(qū)域看,北方產(chǎn)區(qū)春大豆普遍處在鼓粒中后期,長勢與常年相當(dāng),部分地區(qū)因強降雨發(fā)生內(nèi)澇,出現(xiàn)倒伏現(xiàn)象。黃淮產(chǎn)區(qū)夏大豆普遍處在結(jié)莢鼓粒期,淮北等部分主產(chǎn)區(qū)因持續(xù)高溫出現(xiàn)落花落莢情況,大部分地區(qū)長勢發(fā)育正常。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)春大豆基本收獲完成,夏大豆處于結(jié)莢鼓粒期,云南秋大豆正處于苗期,土壤墑情較為有利,整體長勢好于上年。從100個大豆單產(chǎn)提升整建制推進(jìn)縣苗情調(diào)查看,東北產(chǎn)區(qū)主莖株高平均90厘米,比去年增加了0.7厘米;主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均13個,主莖復(fù)葉數(shù)平均13片,兩者與去年持平;單株有效結(jié)莢數(shù)30個,比去年增加1個。西北產(chǎn)區(qū)主莖株高平均60厘米,比去年增加4厘米;主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均9個,比去年增加1個;主莖復(fù)葉數(shù)平均11片,比去年增加1片;單株有效結(jié)莢數(shù)23個,比去年增加3個。黃淮產(chǎn)區(qū)主莖株高平均75厘米,比去年降低1厘米;主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均15個,主莖復(fù)葉數(shù)平均14片,兩者與去年持平;單株有效結(jié)莢數(shù)35個,比去年增加1個。長江流域夏大豆主莖株高平均75厘米,比去年增加0.5厘米;主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均14個,主莖復(fù)葉數(shù)平均14個,與去年持平;單株有效結(jié)莢數(shù)平均39個,比去年提高1個。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)夏播大豆主莖株高平均74厘米,比去年增加2厘米;主莖節(jié)數(shù)平均13個,主莖復(fù)葉數(shù)平均15個,與去年持平。
 
  影響因素
 
  有利因素。一是實施“一噴多促”行動。8月上旬,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部啟動實施“一噴多促”行動,中央財政安排專項資金用于大豆中后期藥肥管理,促進(jìn)大豆生長結(jié)實,減輕病蟲損失。二是氣候環(huán)境整體利好。東北產(chǎn)區(qū)八月降雨充足,滿足結(jié)莢鼓粒期水分需求,較好的光照和積溫有利于大豆中后期快速生長發(fā)育,同時紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲、大豆食心蟲等蟲害發(fā)生較輕。黃海和南方地區(qū)近期降雨適中、旱情緩解、光照充足,有利于大豆生長發(fā)育。
 
  不利因素。東北地區(qū)局地短時強降雨增多,部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)內(nèi)澇,后期根腐病偏重發(fā)生。西北地區(qū)降雨偏少,高溫干旱影響春大豆結(jié)莢鼓粒,部分地區(qū)紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲、雙斑螢葉甲等危害較重。黃海產(chǎn)區(qū)降雨不均,山東降雨過多大豆田受澇,江蘇淮北部分地區(qū)高溫干旱影響大豆鼓粒,斜紋夜蛾、大豆卷葉螟、點蜂緣蝽、煙粉虱等蟲害普遍發(fā)生。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)連續(xù)高溫多雨,易出現(xiàn)農(nóng)田漬澇、植株徒長、雜草滋生、病蟲害加重等問題,影響大豆正常生長發(fā)育。
 
  下一步田管措施
 
  據(jù)天氣預(yù)報,9月華西秋雨進(jìn)入集中期,東北、華北、華東局地存在洪澇災(zāi)害風(fēng)險,華北、西北局地風(fēng)雹災(zāi)害可能多發(fā)散發(fā),華南地區(qū)臺風(fēng)可能北上,也是大豆結(jié)莢鼓粒,產(chǎn)量定型的最后關(guān)鍵期。要重點搞好災(zāi)害預(yù)警應(yīng)對、水肥調(diào)控和病蟲防控等工作,增加有效莢數(shù),促進(jìn)鼓粒結(jié)實,提高粒重。北方產(chǎn)區(qū)要加快做好“一噴多促”技術(shù),加速鼓粒、防病防蟲、促進(jìn)成熟、提高產(chǎn)量,同時做好自然災(zāi)害預(yù)警,防范短時強降雨,發(fā)生強風(fēng)倒伏及時采取有效補救措施,及早預(yù)警防范早霜凍害。黃淮海產(chǎn)區(qū)要加強與氣象部門聯(lián)動,提前預(yù)警、積極應(yīng)對,做好防災(zāi)減災(zāi),重點做好霜霉病、斑疹病、病毒病等病害和斜紋夜蛾、大豆卷葉螟、點蜂緣蝽等蟲害防治。南方產(chǎn)區(qū)要及時做好收獲機械調(diào)配,加強機手培訓(xùn),保證收獲進(jìn)度和質(zhì)量,已收獲地塊抓緊耕耙、曬地保墑,為秋冬種打好基礎(chǔ)。夏大豆花后及時補施磷酸二氫鉀等葉面肥,同時做好病毒病、蚜蟲、斜紋葉蛾、點蜂緣蝽等病蟲害防控。旺長地塊及時開展化學(xué)調(diào)控,防止貪青晚熟。
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