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解讀《鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(2018-2022年)》中的農(nóng)機政策

2018-09-29 16:38:58 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:四夕 閱讀量:45960 評論

導(dǎo)讀:9月26日,《鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(2018-2022)》印發(fā),其中明確提出了夯實農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力基礎(chǔ)要提升農(nóng)業(yè)裝備和信息化水平;強化農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐要提升農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新水平;完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護制度要加大支農(nóng)投入力度。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 政策導(dǎo)讀】9月26日,《鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(2018-2022)》印發(fā),其中明確提出了夯實農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力基礎(chǔ)要提升農(nóng)業(yè)裝備和信息化水平;強化農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐要提升農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新水平;完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護制度要加大支農(nóng)投入力度。
 
  農(nóng)機行業(yè)經(jīng)過了發(fā)展的“黃金十年”,農(nóng)業(yè)機械保有量明顯上升,應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域從糧食生產(chǎn)向各種經(jīng)濟作物延伸;耕作模式從簡單粗放的大田農(nóng)業(yè)向科學(xué)管理、高質(zhì)的設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變;從關(guān)注生產(chǎn)過程到重視產(chǎn)前、產(chǎn)中、產(chǎn)后全過程機械化??梢哉f,以全程機械化為重要抓手,大大推動了農(nóng)機全程機械化發(fā)展。
 
  近年來,我國農(nóng)機化水平的確取得很大提升,但離農(nóng)機強國的距離還很遠(yuǎn)。隨著眾多農(nóng)機企業(yè)對于2018年農(nóng)機市場出現(xiàn)“V”型反轉(zhuǎn)的期望落空,未來農(nóng)機市場將持續(xù)呈“L”型走勢。當(dāng)前農(nóng)機裝備市場一面是部分傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品的飽和甚至過剩,一面卻是產(chǎn)品缺乏,有效供給不足,化競爭態(tài)勢嚴(yán)重。此外,由于創(chuàng)新能力不足而缺乏核心競爭力的問題也困擾著國內(nèi)大多數(shù)農(nóng)機企業(yè);產(chǎn)業(yè)體系制度不夠完善,行業(yè)統(tǒng)籌協(xié)同投入仍需強化;產(chǎn)業(yè)布局分散,行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)散亂,大型化、一體化、集約化程度偏低。
 
  作為實施制造強國戰(zhàn)略個十年的行動綱領(lǐng),“中國制造2025”在提出之時就將農(nóng)機裝備作為十個重點領(lǐng)域之一。此次《鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(2018—2022年)》發(fā)布同樣將農(nóng)機裝備作為核心亮點之一,推進(jìn)農(nóng)機裝備和農(nóng)業(yè)機械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級,實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展全面全程機械化。在規(guī)劃中,直接提及“農(nóng)機”的主要有三處,下面小編將一一解讀。
 
  亮點一:提升農(nóng)業(yè)裝備和信息化水平
 
  《鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(2018—2022年)》第十一章“夯實農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力基礎(chǔ)”之第三節(jié)“提升農(nóng)業(yè)裝備和信息化水平”:推進(jìn)我國農(nóng)機裝備和農(nóng)業(yè)機械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級,加快農(nóng)機裝備和丘陵山區(qū)、果菜茶生產(chǎn)、畜禽水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖等農(nóng)機裝備的生產(chǎn)研發(fā)、推廣應(yīng)用,提升漁業(yè)船舶裝備水平。促進(jìn)農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝融合,積極推進(jìn)作物品種、栽培技術(shù)和機械裝備集成配套,加快主要作物生產(chǎn)全程機械化,提高農(nóng)機裝備智能化水平。
 
  隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)及人工智能等新技術(shù)在各行各業(yè)的應(yīng)用不斷拓展延伸,發(fā)展智能制造已經(jīng)成為傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級的大勢所趨,農(nóng)機行業(yè)正迎來智能化、自動化、信息化大變革。“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+農(nóng)機”的應(yīng)用使農(nóng)機實現(xiàn)了集感知、傳輸、控制、作業(yè)于一體,提高了農(nóng)機裝備信息收集、智能決策和作業(yè)的能力,在整個農(nóng)業(yè)價值鏈中發(fā)揮著重要作用。
 
  亮點二:提升農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新水平
 
  《鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(2018—2022年)》第十四章“強化農(nóng)業(yè)科技支撐”之節(jié)“提升農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新水平”:加強種業(yè)創(chuàng)新、現(xiàn)代食品、農(nóng)機裝備、農(nóng)業(yè)污染防治、農(nóng)村環(huán)境整治等方面的科研工作。
 
  資本的逐利天性使得我國農(nóng)機市場存在著嚴(yán)重的產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化現(xiàn)象和“粗放式”增長形態(tài),功能類同、樣式大同小異、甚至是連外形顏色都相差無幾的產(chǎn)品充斥市場,低價無序化競爭嚴(yán)重,自主創(chuàng)新能力弱。產(chǎn)品有效供給不足,外國品牌壟斷市場,關(guān)鍵零部件國產(chǎn)率較低,品牌建設(shè)滯后,核心技術(shù)亟待突破。
 
  在這種市場情形之下,不論是對整個行業(yè)的發(fā)展還是對企業(yè)提升市場競爭力而言,提高農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新水平,加強農(nóng)機裝備的創(chuàng)新研發(fā)都顯得重要無比。
 
  亮點三:加大支農(nóng)投入力度
 
  《鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(2018—2022年)》第十五章“完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護制度”之節(jié)“加大支農(nóng)投入力度”:完善農(nóng)機購置補貼政策,鼓勵對綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展機具、高性能機具以及保證糧食等主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)機具實行敞開補貼。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)作為基礎(chǔ)性行業(yè),向來便備受重視,而糧食安全作為國家戰(zhàn)略地位非常穩(wěn)固,因此,以農(nóng)機購置補貼政策為主的政策紅利將會持續(xù)釋放。農(nóng)機補貼政策實施以來,國家財政力度不斷加大,補貼金額從2004年的0.7億元逐年增加到2017年的186億元,2004—2017年全國補貼金額累計1847.7億元??梢?,農(nóng)機行業(yè)的發(fā)展事實上也離不開補貼政策的支持。
 
  小結(jié):隨著市場競爭的加劇,技術(shù)研發(fā)能力逐漸成為行業(yè)競爭的焦點,在市場機制作用下落后產(chǎn)能將會被逐漸淘汰。在《鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(2018—2022年)》中也能看到其對提高農(nóng)機創(chuàng)新水平、信息化水平的重視,提高自主創(chuàng)新能力是企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要出路。
 
  此外,規(guī)劃中雖然將農(nóng)機裝備作為核心亮點之一,但是后續(xù)具體的政策等方面還得跟進(jìn),否則規(guī)劃也僅僅只是“空談”了。如農(nóng)機購置補貼手續(xù)繁瑣的問題,如何對補貼范圍內(nèi)的符合資質(zhì)條件的機具購置,實行敞開補貼,應(yīng)補盡補,確保農(nóng)機購置補貼政策平穩(wěn)有序、便捷實施等方面還有待解決。
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