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政策解讀：《關于加強長江水生生物保護工作的意見》

2018-10-19 16:13:31 來源：中國農機網原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：45201 評論

導讀：而談到水資源環(huán)境保護，我們就不得不提與之息息相關的水生生物了。10月17日，國務院新聞辦公室舉行國務院政策例行吹風會，農業(yè)農村部副部長于康震介紹了日前國務院辦公廳印發(fā)的《關于加強長江水生生物保護工作的意見》(以下簡稱《意見》)的相關背景、主要內容和工作部署等情況。

　　【中國農機網 政策導讀】環(huán)保界人士皆知世界水監(jiān)測日，世界水監(jiān)測日(簡稱WWMD，即World Water Monitoring Day)是水環(huán)境聯(lián)盟(WEF)及水協(xié)會(IWA)的一個項目，其宗旨是讓市民對當地水體進行基本的監(jiān)察，以建立公眾對保護水資源的關注及參與，同時提高公眾的用水安全意識。
 
　　世界水監(jiān)測日原定在每年10月18日舉行，但為顧及世界上部份參與地區(qū)在那天氣溫已降到冰點，該組織于2007年將舉行日提前一個月為9月18日。也就是說，在11年以前的昨天(10月18日)就是世界水監(jiān)測日。雖然現(xiàn)在水監(jiān)測日的時間有所修改，但是我們對于水資源環(huán)境保護的意識卻是在與日俱增的。
 
　　而談到水資源環(huán)境保護，我們就不得不提與之息息相關的水生生物了。10月17日，國務院新聞辦公室舉行國務院政策例行吹風會，農業(yè)農村部副部長于康震介紹了日前國務院辦公廳印發(fā)的《關于加強長江水生生物保護工作的意見》(以下簡稱《意見》)的相關背景、主要內容和工作部署等情況。
 
　　長江：水域生態(tài)多樣化、水生生物豐富化
 
　　長江是我們中華民族的母親河、生命河，其獨特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)孕育了豐富的水生生物，是大自然贈與我們的瑰寶。長江水域生態(tài)類型多樣，水生生物資源豐富。據統(tǒng)計，長江流域分布的水生生物多達4300多種，中華鱘、長江鱘、長江江豚等國家重點保護的水生生物就有11種。
 
　　*，以水生生物為主體的水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，是保障國家生態(tài)安全的重要基礎。但是，隨著經濟社會的快速發(fā)展，我們對于水資源開發(fā)利用的力度不斷加大，水力發(fā)電、灌溉、航運、南水北調、水產養(yǎng)殖、旅游等各類高強度人類活動在創(chuàng)造了巨大經濟效益的同時，也改變了長江的水域生態(tài)環(huán)境，對于水生生物的生長繁衍產生重大影響。
 
　　所謂“殺雞取卵，涸澤而漁”，正是一些光顧眼前利益的人，對于水生生物的過度捕撈使得長江的水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一時難以恢復平衡，這不論是對于環(huán)境發(fā)展還是我們未來長久的經濟發(fā)展顯然都是不利的。
 
　　“樂盤游，則思三驅以為度”，同樣的道理，水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡需要我們共同維護。保護好長江水生生物，打破資源過度使用的“公地悲劇”，不僅是推動長江經濟帶綠色發(fā)展的重要支撐，也是對中華民族所有人民一個共同的交代。
 
　　《意見》：涵蓋長江水生生物保護工作全過程
 
　　《意見》于今年9月26日經國務院審定印發(fā)，共8個部分、22條具體政策措施，基本涵蓋了有關長江水生生物保護工作的全過程和各環(huán)節(jié)，從國家政策頂層設計的高度確立了相關制度框架和措施體系，是當前和今后一段時間指導長江生物資源保護和水域生態(tài)修復工作的綱領性文件。
 
　　《意見》中專門提出，要完善增殖放流管理機制，科學確定放流種類，合理安排放流數量，建立健全嚴格的放流苗種管理追溯體系和效果跟蹤評估制度。農業(yè)農村部還制定了《水生生物增殖放流管理規(guī)定》，規(guī)范了增殖放流管理要求、實施方法和技術標準等。
 
　　此外，《意見》還對長江漁業(yè)的發(fā)展進行了統(tǒng)籌考慮和安排，希望到2020年長江流域重點水域能夠實現(xiàn)常年禁捕。針對如何保證漁民利益的問題，農業(yè)農村部副部長于康震則表示：“一方面，建立長江流域重點水域禁捕補償制度，不允許捕撈，但是國家給予適當補償，對漁民生計進行合理保障，引導長江流域捕撈漁民退捕轉產；另一方面，推進水產健康養(yǎng)殖，從‘養(yǎng)’上找出路，滿足全國人民對水產品消費的需求。”
 
　　六步走：具體落實加強長江水生生物保護工作
 
　　任何一個政策的提出后都要回到一個現(xiàn)實性問題上來：如何科學有效落實？《意見》也不例外。在本次吹風會上，關于今后將如何落實《意見》并推動長江水生生物保護工作的問題時，于康震給出了詳細答復。
 
　　步：實施重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護和修復的重大工程。
 
　　第二步：實施瀕危物種拯救行動計劃。
 
　　第三步：統(tǒng)籌處理好保護與建設的關系。
 
　　第四步：加快實施捕撈漁民的退捕轉產。
 
　　第五步：建立健全水域生態(tài)補償機制。
 
　　第六步：推動落實責任分工和工作推進。
 
　　為抓好長江水生生物保護工作，農業(yè)農村部堅持以嚴格漁政執(zhí)法和加強資源保護為抓手，出臺了以上系列措施，實施了多項保護行動。真正做到實實在在部署、真真切切落實，保護與建設統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調推進，實現(xiàn)社會、經濟、生態(tài)效益的統(tǒng)一。
 
　　編者按：可以說，水生生物的發(fā)展早已與整個水生生態(tài)環(huán)境的凈化與管理休戚相關。只有把《意見》真正落實到實處，才能做好水資源保護工作，實現(xiàn)社會效益；才能倒逼相關產業(yè)轉型升級，在堅持生態(tài)保護的前提下，發(fā)展適合的產業(yè)，實現(xiàn)科學有序、高質發(fā)展。
 
　　從另一方面來說，對于長江水生生物保護意識的提升，對于水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理的加強，對于水質檢測儀器、水體凈化處理設備、水污處理設備等相關產品生產研發(fā)企業(yè)來說也不失為一個發(fā)展良機。

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