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多年來(lái)我國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展有哪些進(jìn)步和成效？

2021-09-18 14:23:44 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：31413 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀： 9月17日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部就第四屆全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖大會(huì)相關(guān)情況舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，介紹大會(huì)相關(guān)情況，并回答記者提問(wèn)。9月22日至25日，第四屆全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖大會(huì)將在上海舉辦

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 9月17日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部就第四屆全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖大會(huì)相關(guān)情況舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，介紹大會(huì)相關(guān)情況，并回答記者提問(wèn)。9月22日至25日，第四屆全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖大會(huì)將在上海舉辦，此會(huì)議在中國(guó)舉辦是第一次，同時(shí)也是全方位展現(xiàn)全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖成果和中國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)、共商今后全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展大計(jì)的重要平臺(tái)。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部漁業(yè)漁政管理局局長(zhǎng)劉新中在發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖是全世界增長(zhǎng)最快的食品生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域之一，不但為全球人類提供大量的優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)，成為保障世界糧食安全的重要補(bǔ)充，提供優(yōu)質(zhì)食品。而且，在降低水生生物資源的利用強(qiáng)度、消除貧困、促進(jìn)增收、繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面，也是做出了突出的貢獻(xiàn)，這是被聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織和全世界都認(rèn)可的。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)快速發(fā)展，1985年，中國(guó)明確提出了漁業(yè)發(fā)展以養(yǎng)為主的方針，由此拉開(kāi)了產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的序幕，徹底改變了中國(guó)漁業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的格局，短短幾年解決了中國(guó)人吃魚(yú)難的問(wèn)題。
 
　　1988年，中國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量首次超過(guò)了捕撈產(chǎn)量，這是標(biāo)志意義非常大的事。1989年，中國(guó)水產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量躍居世界第一位。此后30多年中，始終保持著以養(yǎng)為主的生產(chǎn)格局。2020年，中國(guó)水產(chǎn)品總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到6549萬(wàn)噸，養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)品占比達(dá)到了79.8%，也就是接近了80%。中國(guó)養(yǎng)殖水產(chǎn)品占世界水產(chǎn)品養(yǎng)殖總產(chǎn)量的60%以上，就是中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品，80%的水產(chǎn)品來(lái)自養(yǎng)殖，全球的養(yǎng)殖里面，60%來(lái)自中國(guó)。
 
　　中國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)快速發(fā)展，不但改善了中國(guó)人民的食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，繁榮了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)，也為保障食物安全、減少貧困人口、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)揮了重要作用。
 
　　一是保證食物供給。2020年，中國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖種類達(dá)到300種以上，養(yǎng)殖水產(chǎn)品人均年有量37公斤，是世界平均水平的2倍。據(jù)專家測(cè)算，中國(guó)國(guó)民的動(dòng)物蛋白消費(fèi)約1/4來(lái)源于養(yǎng)殖水產(chǎn)品。而且，正在持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。
 
　　二是助力脫貧攻堅(jiān)、脫貧增收。中國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展已成為一些農(nóng)村地區(qū)的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)和農(nóng)漁民收入的來(lái)源，特別是在廣大老少邊窮地區(qū)。助力打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，漁業(yè)產(chǎn)值占農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值比重從1978年的1.6%提高到2020年的9.27%。2020年，專業(yè)從事水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的人口達(dá)到457.5萬(wàn)人，是1978年的8.8倍，2020年，中國(guó)漁民人均純收入達(dá)到21837元，是1985年的35倍。
 
　　三是養(yǎng)護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。中國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展從根本上改變了依靠捕撈天然水產(chǎn)品的歷史，極大緩解了天然漁業(yè)資源保護(hù)利用的壓力，國(guó)內(nèi)海洋捕撈產(chǎn)量已由2011年的1241.94萬(wàn)噸控制到2020年的947.41萬(wàn)噸，減少了23.7%。這是什么概念呢?自然資源的捕撈產(chǎn)量在降低，但市場(chǎng)的水產(chǎn)品供給還是充足的，主要得益于水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展。
 
　　另外，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖還推動(dòng)形成了漁業(yè)的碳匯，對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和、碳達(dá)峰目標(biāo)發(fā)揮了重要作用。我國(guó)舉辦的全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖大會(huì)，一是有助于展示我國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)在保障食物供給、消除饑餓貧困、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和落實(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程等方面取得的巨大成就，分享成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)、成熟模式和先進(jìn)技術(shù)，體現(xiàn)負(fù)責(zé)任大國(guó)形象。二是有助于我國(guó)專家學(xué)者參與國(guó)際交流，了解全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和未來(lái)方向，為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供有力的科學(xué)支撐。三是有助于深化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的南南和三方務(wù)實(shí)合作，攜手推進(jìn)后疫情時(shí)期全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展邁向更高的水平。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部。

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