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麥油當前田管技術(shù)意見

2023-02-06 11:39:21 來源：江蘇省揚州市邗江區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局 閱讀量：16063 評論

導(dǎo)讀：當前，立春節(jié)氣即將到來，各鎮(zhèn)（街道）要迅速抓好春季田管落實和春耕備耕準備，采取有效措施促進弱苗轉(zhuǎn)壯和受凍苗恢復(fù)生長，夯實夏熟豐收基礎(chǔ)。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】去年秋播以來積溫較高、光照較足，有利于適期早播田塊小麥、油菜生長，但揚州市邗江區(qū)秋播播期跨度大，晚播田塊比例較大，12月中下旬降溫明顯且持續(xù)時間長，不利于晚播(栽)麥油出苗和生長，加上近期多次強降溫，對部分小麥和多數(shù)油菜造成凍害，麥油苗情不平衡性較大。當前，立春節(jié)氣即將到來，各鎮(zhèn)(街道)要迅速抓好春季田管落實和春耕備耕準備，采取有效措施促進弱苗轉(zhuǎn)壯和受凍苗恢復(fù)生長，夯實夏熟豐收基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　一、當前苗情特點及問題
 
　　近期苗情調(diào)查顯示，全區(qū)小麥平均葉齡3.9葉，畝均總莖蘗41.3萬，一、二類苗占比65.3%，移栽油菜平均葉齡17.2葉，直播油菜平均葉齡9.2葉，小麥油菜苗情與上年同期相比略差。一是麥油凍害發(fā)生普遍。受近期多次低溫寒潮影響，小麥發(fā)生輕度凍害，主要為葉尖或部分葉片受凍干枯，主要是秸稈還田不到位、播種質(zhì)量差、冬前化除不當以及低溫等因素疊加造成，油菜凍害發(fā)生較為普遍和嚴重；二是苗情不平衡性大。部分早播小麥苗多苗旺，而遲播和過遲播田塊因低溫苗情轉(zhuǎn)化慢，仍苗少苗弱，同一田塊因播種質(zhì)量或管理不當導(dǎo)致大小苗嚴重，少量田塊有“一根針”現(xiàn)象；三是草害發(fā)生面積大。受播后封閉化除面積比例不高、部分效果不佳，導(dǎo)致當前麥田草害發(fā)生普遍，春季化除壓力大。
 
　　二、田管技術(shù)意見
 
　　針對當前苗情特點和生產(chǎn)實際中存在的突出問題，各鎮(zhèn)(街道)應(yīng)堅持“分類指導(dǎo)、促弱轉(zhuǎn)壯”的技術(shù)途徑，重點抓好“及時追肥，適時化除，清溝理墑”等田管措施。
 
　　1、因苗補肥，及時促弱轉(zhuǎn)壯
 
　　對受凍害嚴重，以及遲播弱小、群體偏少、預(yù)期穗數(shù)可能不足或者前期施肥不足、有脫力落黃現(xiàn)象的麥田，在墑情適宜時及時追施肥料，一般畝施尿素10-15斤，盡早促進苗情轉(zhuǎn)化，爭取動搖分蘗成穗；莖蘗數(shù)足、苗壯苗綠的正常麥田不施用或減少使用返青肥，主要以后期拔節(jié)孕穗肥為主。油菜受凍嚴重田塊因立即補施尿素促進恢復(fù)生長，對于即將抽薹的田塊，要迅速追施抽薹肥，畝施復(fù)合肥20斤、尿素 20斤以及硼肥。
 
　　2、因時化除，防止草害藥害
 
　　隨著氣溫回升，春季化除已成當務(wù)之急。準確掌握防控時期，化除一定要在拔節(jié)期前，日平均氣溫穩(wěn)定在5℃以上時進行，若遇倒春寒，應(yīng)掌握冷尾暖頭，避免寒流前用藥，以防藥害和加重凍害。根據(jù)田間殘留雜草種類選擇除草劑品種，以禾本科雜草為主的麥田可選用氟唑·炔草酯、唑啉·炔草酯、甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆·甲基二磺隆、甲基二磺隆·異丙隆、氟唑·異丙隆、環(huán)吡·異丙隆等藥劑進行防除；以闊葉草為主的麥田，可選用氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲·雙氟、雙氟·氟氯酯、啶磺·氟氯酯、氟吡·雙氟等藥劑進行防除。規(guī)范用藥技術(shù)，要用足藥量、兌足水量，確保噴霧均勻、不重噴、不漏噴。
 
　　3、清溝理墑，確保溝系通暢
 
　　“尺麥怕寸水”，小麥漬害會嚴重阻礙根系發(fā)育，導(dǎo)致白根數(shù)量減少，根系發(fā)黃，影響根系對養(yǎng)分、水分的吸收，同時，春季氣溫回升，如果田間濕度大，也易增加小麥紋枯病、銹病、白粉病等病害的發(fā)生危害。經(jīng)過冬季反復(fù)融凍，溝系坍塌，各地要利用農(nóng)閑時節(jié)，在晴好天氣及時清溝理墑，疏通內(nèi)外溝系，保證排水暢通，要求做到雨止田干、溝無積水。

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