全國農(nóng)技中心組織開展小麥越冬期苗情考察會(huì)商

2025-01-13 09:54:05 來源：全國農(nóng)技推廣中心 閱讀量：12064 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 當(dāng)前，小麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)已全面進(jìn)入越冬期，是研判苗情長勢、科學(xué)指導(dǎo)春季田管的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。1月3日—7日，在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司指導(dǎo)下，全國農(nóng)技中心組織部小麥專家指導(dǎo)組赴陜西、山西等地開展小麥越冬期苗情考察，實(shí)地調(diào)查當(dāng)前小麥苗情長勢，并召開小麥苗情會(huì)商會(huì)，提前謀劃指導(dǎo)春季田管技術(shù)措施。
 
　　會(huì)商認(rèn)為，當(dāng)前主產(chǎn)區(qū)冬小麥苗情好于常年、與上年持平，旺長苗比例高于去年和常年同期。目前主產(chǎn)區(qū)氣溫持續(xù)偏高、降水稀少，底墑充足、表墑略差，冬春季仍存在諸多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。部分地區(qū)前期氣溫高、麥苗生長快、旺苗比例高，小麥植株高而細(xì)、葉片窄而長，未經(jīng)歷充分低溫鍛煉，一旦后期遭遇低溫較容易出現(xiàn)凍害。
 
　　會(huì)商強(qiáng)調(diào)，針對當(dāng)前小麥苗情、苗勢和氣候特點(diǎn)，冬春季節(jié)需高度關(guān)注干旱、凍害、寒旱疊加和病蟲等災(zāi)害。春季管理要以“控旺促弱穩(wěn)壯，科學(xué)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)”為目標(biāo)，因苗施策，分類管理，重點(diǎn)抓好以控旺長、防凍害、防干旱、防病蟲為主的麥田管理技術(shù)措施。
 
　　控制旺長 落實(shí)鎮(zhèn)壓化控措施
 
　　對已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)旺長或有旺長趨勢的麥田，冬季能鎮(zhèn)壓的繼續(xù)鎮(zhèn)壓、能化控的繼續(xù)化控。春季在小麥返青后，選擇平均氣溫5℃以上的晴天午后繼續(xù)鎮(zhèn)壓，也可在起身初期噴施植物生長延緩劑，抑制地上部生長，控旺轉(zhuǎn)壯，防止后期倒伏。
 
　　分類施策 抓好春季水肥管理
 
　　對三類麥田，在小麥返青期追肥澆水，以增加分蘗，促弱轉(zhuǎn)壯；對二類麥田在起身至拔節(jié)初期進(jìn)行追肥澆水；對一類麥田在拔節(jié)期進(jìn)行追肥澆水；對于旺苗田塊要肥水后移，對沒有出現(xiàn)脫肥癥狀的旺長麥田，應(yīng)在返青期鎮(zhèn)壓和噴施化控劑等措施基礎(chǔ)上，將追肥澆水時(shí)期推遲到拔節(jié)中后期。
 
　　關(guān)注天氣 預(yù)防寒旱災(zāi)害疊加
 
　　春季氣溫回升快、起伏大，極易發(fā)生“倒春寒”。各地要密切關(guān)注天氣變化，在寒流來臨之前，對缺墑地塊應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行灌水，預(yù)防凍害發(fā)生。一旦發(fā)生凍害，要及時(shí)采取追肥、澆水、噴施葉面肥、植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑等補(bǔ)救措施。
 
　　科學(xué)化除 做好病蟲草害防治
 
　　對冬前沒有進(jìn)行化學(xué)除草的麥田，要在小麥返青起身期及早進(jìn)行化學(xué)除草。嚴(yán)格按照要求操作，以免發(fā)生藥害。春季病蟲害應(yīng)以條銹病、莖基腐病、紋枯病、赤霉病、蚜蟲等為重點(diǎn)，及時(shí)控制發(fā)病中心。

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